tial, iii, 59, 19 ; and quotations from the Oriental poets in Jones, I'oes. Asiat. p. 346 sq. ; Gesen. Comment, on Isa. i, 992). To the white and glimmering plumage refer- ence is made in Psa. lxviii, 14 ; on which we remark that, according to Hasselquist {Travels, p. 553), the pigeons of Palestine have usually whitish-gray feathers on the neck, head, breast, and shoulders. In the com- parison used by Jesus (Matt, x, 16), the dove is the image of innocence. (Comp. Schbttgen and Wetstein, ad loc.)
3. Psa. lv, 7 was understood by the Hebrew inter- preters as affording a trace of the use of carrier-pigeons among the ancient Jews ; their use being common now in the East. (See Arvieux, Nachr. v, 422 ; Troilo, Trav. p. 610 sq. ; Russell, N. II. of A leppo, ii, 90 ; and especially Bochart, Ilieroz. ii, 542; J. Ue Sacy, La Colombe messa- g'ere, from the Arabic of Michael Sabbagh [Par. l.sii.Vj ; and on the use of them in ancient times, especially in sieges, see ./Elian, V. II. ix. 2; Plin. x, 53; Front. Strateg. iii, 13, 8.) But the words of this passage con- tain no such reference. Some would also refer to the same birds the words in Psa. lvi. 1 (Lengerke, Ken. p. 166), but without reason. (See Gesen. Thes. i, 104.)— Winer, ii, 566. See Dove; Tiktle-dove.
Piggott, John, an English Baptist divine, flour- ished in the second half of the 17th century, and was very popular in his day, especially in his own religious denomination. As a religious instructor, he taught with clearness and argued with strength, exhorted with ve- hemence and reproved with becoming authority. He published, A ccount of J. Pilkingtons Recantation of Romanism (Lond. 1669, 4to) : — Eight Separate Sermons (1700-1709, all 8vo) -.—Eleven Sermons (1714,8vo ) : with the last is the sermon preached at Piggott's grave by the Rev. J. Stenneth. See Skeats, Uist. of tin' Free Churches of England, p. 261 ; Allibone, Bict. of Brit. and A mer. Authors, s. v.
Pighius, Albert, whose family name was Van Campen, was bom about the year 1490 at Campen, in the Netherlands. He studied first philosophy and mathematics at Louvain, then theology, on which he lectured at the latter place and at Cologne, where he had also been honored with the doctorate of divinity. He accompanied pope Adrian VI (q. v.) to Spain and Italy, and after the death of Adrian he resided at Rome, and acted on several important missions as the repre- sentative of Rome, as at Worms and Regensburg. Un- der pope Paul III (q. v.) he was made provost of the church of St. John at Utrecht, where he died, Dec. 24, 1543. Although Pighius was very fierce against Protestants, yet among his own coreligionists his or- thodoxy to the Catholic faith was doubted very much. Of his works we mention, A dveisus Prognosticatorum vulgus, qui animus prcedictiones edunt et se astrologos mentiuntur. astrologice defensio ■ — De cequinoctiorum sol- stiiiorumque inn ntiom , /«<• nun de ration paschalis ce- lebrationis it de restitutioni ecclesiastici calendarii: — Adversus novam Marci Beneventani astronomiam apo- logia : — A ssertio hierarchice ecclesiastics lib. vi (Cologne, 1538, and often) : — and Be libera hominis arbitrio et di- vina gratia libri x adn reus Lutherum, Calvinum, et alios, to which Calvin replied in his Defensio sance et orthodoxies doctrmce de Servitutt <t Liberatione humani Arbitriiad- vers. Calumnias Alb. Pigltii Campensis (Geneva, 1545), published in his tractatus. See Dupin, Nouvetle Bibli- otheque des Auteurs ecclesiastiques, etc., t. xvi; Bayle, Diet. s. v.; Schweizer, Centraldogmen, i, 180; Herzog, Real-Encyklop. s. v. ; Theologisches Universal-Lexicon, s. v.; Jbcher, Gelehrten- Lexikon, s. v.; Hagenbach, History of Doctrines, ii, 197 sq. (B. P.)
Pigneau de Behaine, Pierre- Joseph, a French missionary, was born Dec, 1741, at Origny (Thie'rache). He was brought up in the College of Laon, and studied theology at the Seminaire des Trente-Trois at Paris. After taking holy orders, he embarked at Cadiz, in the beginning of 1756, for the Oriental missions, unknown
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to his parent-, who were opposed to his design. In 1767 he arrived at the bland ofHon-Dat, near the coast ol Cochin-China. The apostolic vicar of that mission, M. Piguel, bbhop oft hampa in partibos, gave him the direction of his college, which he was then transferring to that place In 1768 the governor of the province Kan- Rao, to which the island ofHon-Dal belonged, ordered him i" be arrested, and sentenced bim to the cangne, wiih another French missionary and a Chinese priest. They endured the tormenl with pal Li nee. and after three months' captivity were set at large. Pigneau resumed the direction of his college, and transferred it to Pon- dicherry. In 177o he was appointed bishop of Adran in partibus, and coadjutor of the apostolic vicar of ( lochin- China, whom be soon alter succeeded in his office. In 177 1 he entered Cochin-China by the Cambodia. Be found the whole country in the power of rebels, who had
put to death the king and Ids nephew-. The brother
ol the latter, Nguyen-Auts, who had been imprisoned,
escaped and lied !" the house nf the hi.-hop of Adran. where he was concealed for a month. He succeeded afterwards in bringing together a small force, took pos- ses-ion of Lower Cochin-China, and called to his side hi- benefactor, and was. in all he did. directed by his advice. In 17*:; he was beaten hy the rebels, and had to flee the country. Pigneau then, taking along the pupils of his college, went to the Cambodia, and thence to M.un. Saving embarked for Pondicherry, he heard. while sailing along the coast of Cambodia, thai Ngu- yen-Ants was at a shorl distance on the coast ; he joined him, who, with about six hundred soldiers, was reduced to the last extremity of starvation. He relieved them with his own provisions, and after spending a fortnight with them, he gained Pulo- Way, a small deserted island,