This must he lixed hy the more definite notice - of the
narrative, which appear to us to point to the opening of the plain el-Radeah, between Jebel Atakah and Jebel Abu-Deraj. See Exoui : Ri d m \. Crossing of.
Pik, al ailed -Ii 3AIAH Bl RI ix. a somen hat noted
Jewish rabbi, flourished at Brealau, in Silesia, v. here he ■ led. May 13, 1799, after having occupied the rabbiship
for about sixteen yi ar-. lie w rote : l.'.H. or note- and corrections to the Talmud, which arc generally printed in
PIKE
199
PILATE
the modern editions of the Talmud :— *pS1"-'iJ HSSsn, elucidations and corrections to Nathan ben-Jechiel's (q. v.) dictionary, called A ruch, but only on the letters X— 5, which were edited by R. W. Giinsburg (Breslau, 1830), while the second part, comprising the letters V— f!> which was prepared by Luzzatto and Hurwitz, was ed- ited by Eosenkranz (Vienna, 1859) :— JWnn ^a, i. e. glossaries on the Targum of Onkelos (q. v.), edited by D. Sklower (Breslau, 1827, and Vienna, 1836) :— "JIlUSI "il^sb, glossaries on the Mishna, printed in the editions of the Mishna (Vienna, 1793; Prague, 1825-30; and with many additions edited by W.Eger,Altona, 1841-46). See Beer, Jiidische Literaturbriefe (Leips. 1857, p. 45 ; reprinted from Frankel's Monatsschrift, 1853-1854); Fiirst, Bibliotheca Judaica, i, 110; Zunz, Die Monats- tage des Kalenderjahres (Berlin, 1872), p. 27 ; Engl, transl. by Rev. B. Pick, in the Jewish Messenger (N. Y. 1874) ; Cassel, Leitfaden zur jiidischen Geschichte u. Literatur (Berlin, 1872), p. 107; Jost, Gesch. d. Judenth. u. s. Sekten, iii, 245 ; Steinschneider, Bibliograph. Ilandb. p. 22 ; Ca- talogs Libr. Hebr. in Biblioth. Bodl. p. 1385. (B. P.)
Pike, Samuel, an English Dissenting minister, was born at Ramsey, Wiltshire, about 1717. He became minister of a congregation at Henley-on-Thames, and in 1747 succeeded John Hill at the Three Cranes, Lon- don. He died in 1773. Pike was quite a voluminous writer. Among his many productions we mention, Thoughts on such Passages of Scripture as ascribe Af- fections and Passions to the Deity (Loud. 1750, 12mo) : — Philosophia Sacra, or the Princiji/es <f Natural Phi- losophy extracted from Divine Revelation (Lond. 1753, 8vo); a scarce work, written on Hutchiusonian prin- ciples:— The Nature and Evidences of Saving Faith; being the substance of Four Sermons on Heb. xi, 1 ; Two of which were Preached at, the Merchants' Lecture, Pin- ner's Hall. With a Preface (Lond. 1764, 8vo) :— Re- ligious Cases of Conscience answered in an Evangelical Manner, or the Inquiring Christian Instructed; to which are added Replies to Thirty-two Questions, or the Pro- fessing Christian Tried at the Bar of God's Word. To whirh is subjoined the Character of the nappy. Honest, and Faithful Man. By Samuel Pike and Samuel Hay- ward (new ed. Romsey, 1819, 8vo; last Amer. ed. with an Introd. by Dr. H. A. Boardman, Phila. 1859, 12mo) : — Compendious Hebreio Lexicon (1766, 8vo; new ed. 1816, 8vo). See Allibone, Diet, of Brit, and A mer. A u- thors, s. v. ; Darling, Cyclop. Bibliog. s. v. (J. II. W.)
Pikollos, a deity among the ancient Wends of Slavonia, who was believed to preside over the infer- nal regions and the realms of the dead. He was rep- resented as an old man with a pale countenance, and having before him three death's heads. He correspond- ed to Pluto of the ancient Romans, and to Siva of the Hindus. Like the latter, he desires human blood, and reigns at once over the manes or souls of the dead, and over the metals in the bowels of the earth.
Pilarik, Stephen, a Hungarian ecclesiastic of some distinction, was born at Otschova in 1615. He was the son of a Protestant clergyman, and also devoted him- self to the ministry, and his talent as a preacher soon got him a widespread reputation. In the year 1 tit;:!, while travelling, he was captured by Tartars, who reduced him to slavery. He died Feb. 8, 1693, at Neusalza. His prin- cipal writings are, Currus Jehovw mirabilis (Wittenberg, 1678,4to);and Turcico-Tartarica crudelitas (Huda,lG84, 4to), a touching account of his captivity. His son, also called Stephen, who died in 1710, left some works, now forgotten. — Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generale, xl, 229.
Pi'late, Pontius (niWioc ni'Xaroc, Grrecized from the Latin Pontius PUatus), the Roman procurator or resident as governor of Judaea during the period of our Lord's public ministry and passion, and chiefly known in history from his connection with the Cruci- fixion. (In the following account we largely avail our-
selves of the article in Smith's Diet, of the Bible, with additions from other sources.)
I. His Name. — His pra>nomen or first name is un- known. His nomen or family-name indicates that he was connected, by descent or adoption, with the gens of the Pontii, first conspicuous in Roman history in the person of C. Pontius Telesinus, the great Samnite gen- eral. The cognomen Pilatus has received two explana- . tions. (1.) As armed with the pilum or javelin (comp.
" pilata agmina," Virg. J5,'w. xii, 121) ; (2.) As contracted from pil< atus. The fact that the pileus or cap was the badge of manumitted slaves (comp. Suetonius, Nero, c. 57 ; Tiber, c. 4), makes it probable that the epithet marked him out as a libertus, or as descended from one.