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to be made to the Protestants with the hope of recon- ciling them to the Church, and queen Catharine di Medici wrote t<> the pope to thai effei t. The pope re- ferred the matter to the council, and in the mean time Catharine published the edict of pacification, in Janu- ary, L562, which allowed the Protestants liberty of con- science, and Leave to perform t luir worship in country places, bul nol within walled towns. The prelates sen) by France to the Council of Trent, and several council- lors of the E%rliament of Paris who were also ordered to attend in the name of the king, Bpofce loudly of the ne- cessity of an extensive reform in the < Ihurch, and seemed disposed to render the bishops more independent of the see of Borne. The cardinal of Lorraine was of opinion that the mass and other offices should be performed in the \ ulgar or popular language of each country; but the Italian prelates, and Lainez, general of the Jesuits, supported the maintenance of the established form of worship, as well as of the papal authority in all ii - exist- ing plenitude. The discussions grew warm, and it was only in the t. >11< >w in^c year, 1563, that the two parties came to an understanding. The council terminated its sittings in December of that year, and the pope con- firmed its decrees by a bull. This was the principal event of the Life of Tins IV. True, the Tridentine I loun- cil was not the most important that has ever met, but at all events it is the most important that has met in modern times, its importance is comprised in two grand principles. By the one dogmatic theology, after divers fluctuations, separated itself from Protestant views forever, and the doctrine of justification as then established gave rise to the entire system of Roman Catholic dogmatics as maintained to our day. By the other the hierarchy became founded anew, theoretically by the decrees respecting ordination to the priesthood, practically by the resolutions on the subject of reform. The faithful were again subjected to an intolerant Church discipline, and in urgent eases to the sword of
excommunication. As the pope held the exclusive : interpreting the Tridentine decisions, it ever
remains with him to prescribe the rules of faith and manners. All the threads of the restored discipline converged together in Home. Such progress could only have been made by means of a community of sentiment and action with the leading Roman Catholic powers. In this union with the monarchies there lies one of the most important conditions for the whole Subsequent de- velopment of Romanism, and were it for nothing else Pius IV would still be an important person in the history ol tin' world, for he was tie first pope that knowingly Buffered or caused the claim of [he hierarchy to place it-
selfin opposition to narchical government Alter the
council 1'ius IV relaxed all energy, neglected religi
ate and drank t tagerly, and took an excessive de- light iii the splendor of his c t. in sumptuous festivi- ties, and in costly buildings. He evidently had done his work, lie 1 1 icd iii December, 1565. His disposition ind he embellished Rome; hut he was guilty of the common fault of nepotism, II. mad. bis nephew.t barles Borromeo, a cardinal, who afterwards became celebrated as archbishop ol Milan; and he in- stituted proceedings against the nephews of the late pope, cardinal Carlo Carafla, and hi- brother the duke of Paliano, who wen- accused of various crimes, which i to he proved against them, and both were ex- ecuted. Hut m the succeeding pontificate of Pius 7, the proceedings being revised, the two brothers Carafla were declared to bave been unjustly condemned. Sec Ranke, Papacy, i. "-'-'.I sq., el ah; Bower, HisUoftht I Indexi; Leonardi, Oratio dt laudibus I'ii /I (Padua, 1565); Panvinius, Vita Pit TV; Jervis, Ch. Ili.<t. <•/ France, p. 117. 169, 162; Ffoulkes, Divisions of Chris- tendom, voL i. ? 68; Janus, Popt >ii,<l Coum Cramp. Popt ry, p. _'< > 1 Bq.; Fisher, Reformation, p. Ill: Mont or. BisLdes Sown r.Pontifes, iv, 188 Bq,
I'll s iv. Cm i This document, which forms
one of the authorized standard.- ol the ( Ihurch ol Borne,
was prepared by pope Tins IV immediately after the rising of the Council of Trent, and i> understood to em- body in sub-lance the decisions of that Council. The creed bears dale November. 1564, and was no sooner is- Bued than it was immediately received throughout the Romish < Ihurch, and since that time it has continued to be accepted as an accurate .summary of their faith. It is
binding u| all clergymen, doctors, teachers, heads of
universities, and of monastic institutions and military orders, and all reconciled converts. For this authori- tative document, with the oath of promise appended, Bee Pro) i ssio Fidi i.
Pius V, pope of Borne, succeeded Pius [V in 1566. His family name was Michel Ghisleri; he was born ..I low descent, dan. 17. 1504, at Bosco, not tar from Alessandria, in Piedmont, Italy. Early in life he en- tered the Dominican order, and devoted himself soul and body to the monkish piety which his order de- manded. He hided with the strict party professing the old opinions, and especially distinguished himself by his zeal in support of the Inquisition, of which tribunal lie. as pope, became one of the Leading mem- bers. As the tendency to which he attached himself triumphed, he rose with the ascendency which it gained. Pope Paul IV spoke of friar Blichele as "an