(liturgies, with hymnology and sacred mU8ic and li.tuii-
letics), the superintendence of the spiritual interests of individuals (cure of souls), and the direction of the dock (the pastoral office); while the organization of the
Church, and the entire sy.-tcm of Church law, by which
the activity, whether of the individual or of the commu- nity, musi be limited, form a third division. See Nitzsch. Praktisch Theohgu ; Dorm r, Gesch. d. protestaniischen Theohgu : Bickersteth, Christian Students Biblical Assistant, p. 198; and especially Moll. Das System dor praktischen Theohgu (Halle, 1864, 8vo), which is a compendious but very systematic and thorough treatise, covering the whole field of practical theology as now
undersl I. See also M'Clintock, Encyclopedia and
Methodology of TheoU Science, pt. iv; Meth. Qu. /.'"-. dan. 1864, p. 159 sq. The Germans support a Zeit- schrift fur praktisch Theologie, which i- printed at Leipsic and ha- a wide circulation. (J. II. AW
Prades, -U w Mabtih de, a French theologian, was horn about the year 1720 at Castel-Sarrasin. He was destined t" the ecclesiastical career, studied first in i he country, then went to Paris and lived there in sev- eral seminaries, among others in that of Saint-Sul|iice. He became acquainted with the authors of the I pedie, and furnished several articles to their work. Ik- came into repute by a thesis which he defended at the Sorbonne for the doctorate of theology | Nov. 18, 17.M >. It contained the boldest assertions concerning the nature
of the soul, the origin of g i and evil, the origin of
society, natural and revealed religion, the miracles, etc. His parallel of the cures performed by Jesus and those of .l.-culapiiis seemed particularly scandalous. The thesis was condemned forthwith by several prelates and by pope Benedict XIV. The Sorbonne, after having at first approved it. reconsidered its action, and declared if impious. Parliament ordered the arrest of the author at the request of the advocate -general D'Ormesson, whereupon De Prades fled to Holland (1752), and there published his Apology ( 1752, 3 pts. 8vo). to which Dide- rot added a refutation of a mandement of the bishop of Auxerre. A'oltaire recommended Trades to the king of Prussia, who appointed him his lector, and bestowed upon him a life-rent and two canonries, one at Oppeln, the other at Glogau. The bishop of Breslau finally prevailed upon him to retract solemnly the principles he had defended (April 6, 17.") H. He became archdea- con of the chapter of Glogau. He died in 17*-.'. Prades left, besides, an Abrige d\ VHistoire ecclisiastiqui de Fleuri i Berlin, 1767, 2 vols, small 8vo), supposed to be translated from the English, and to which Frederick II wrote a preface.- Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. See Brotier, Examen <l< VApologu de V Abbe de Prades (1753); Feller, Diet. Hist. s.v.; Jervis, Hist, of the Clnm-li .;/' Fran,;, ii. 332-334.
Pradier, Ja< Qi es, a Swiss artist of note, was bom at Geneva in May. L792; went as a youth to Paris, and finally to Koine, where he studied for over five years, especially under Canova. He devoted himself princi- pally lo sculpture, and produced some remarkable works. In 1819 he settled at Paris, and died there in 1852.
Satyrs. Bacchantes, Venuses, ami the like, make up principally the li-i of his works; but he also devoted himself to sacred subjects, and produced, among others, a colossal figure of Christ on tli< Cross, a Pieta (now at Toulon), a Marriage of the Virgin (for the Madeleine, Paris), four Apostles, a Virgin (for the cathedral of Avignon i. etc. One of his greatest works i, the tomb
of Napoleon I at the Hotel des Iuvalidcs in Pari-. See
Mrs. < llement, Handbook of Sculptors, Painti rs, < tc, s. v. Pradjapat is. in the Hindu mythology, the embod- ied creative de-ire of the original Being, or of that man- ifestation of this Being which includes the earthly ele- ment-.
Prado, Bi is di l, a Spanish painter, was born at Toledo in 1544. He was a pupil of Francisco < iomontes.
Philip II senl him to Morocco, where he painted the emperor Malev - Ahdallah. his favorites, his children, and principal officers. He returned to Spain a wealthy
man. But, as he affected ' oriental customs, and showed himself in public dressed in the Moorish attire, the In? quisiiiou summoned him before her tribunal. lb was
PRADT
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discharged on condition of painting exclusively relig- ious subjects. He died about 1605. Prado is distin- guished by tbe purity of his design and the majesty of his compositions, which are simple, but carefully worked out in all their details. There are of his works at Madrid, in the royal palace, an Assumption; a Virgin with the Child ; St. Anthony; St. Hlasius ; St. Maurice; a Descent from the Cross ; St. Catharine. At Toledo. St. Blasius, bishop; St. Anthony; The Presentation; a Holy Family (in the monastery of Guadalupe), etc.— Hoefer, Nouv. Biog. Generate, s. v. See Palomino, El Museo Pittorico (Cordova, 1713,3 vols.); Quilliet, Diet. dr.t Peintres Espagnols, s. v.; Mrs. Clement, Handbook of Sculptors, Painters, etc., s. v.