abolition of the Btatute of pnemiu in e< I ■ Nov. 1869).
Praepositivus, PiETRO,an Italian theologian, who flourished near the opening of the 13th century, was a native of Cremona, taught theology in the Bchools of
Paris, nnd was at the close of 1206 chancellor of r>., church ot Notre Dame. I,, [209 we find Jean de Can- delis in his place. His chiel work is a Sumtna Theolo* aim, ol which two or three pages only were printed, they are in the Penitential ot I heodore. There are nu- merous copies of it at Oxford and in the National Li- brary at Talis. Pnepositivus did at Paris in 12U9 or 1217. See Tiraboschi, Storia della Letter. Ttal. iv, 120; Histoire litt. -A la France, \\ i. 583 586. Hoi I. r. Nout. Bi iff. Gem rale, s. v.
Propositus i i.e. set t • i- an ecclesiastical term usually employed to mean a bishop (q. \. i, hut al-. used tosignifya presbyter. The same titles being applied to both is a proof thai they were at one time considered of the same order. The corresponding tith s in the script ural appellations are irpo'iardptvoi fl Tie--. \. 12) ami -mnnruiTtr (1 Tim. \. 17). In Spain, in the time of the Gothic kings, about the end ol tin- 4th century, it was a custom lor parent- to d< dicate their children at a very early age to the service of the Church, in which case they were taken into the bishop's family and edu- cated under him by a presbyter whom the bishop de- puted fir that purpose and -a over them by the name of propositus or superintendent, his chief husim -- h. ing to inspect their behavior and instruct them in the rules and discipline of the church. See Riddle, Chiistian Antiquities, p. 211; Coleman, A nc. Christianity I Ji<>/. p. 130, 185. See also the an. I'm la< i. (J.H.W.)
Propositus, Jacobus. See Sprexg.
Propositus Domus was the name applii d to the person whose duty it was to manage the revenues of the Church. See GE( onomi.
Prosanctificatio is in the Roman Catholic ( ihurch the mass celebrated on Green-Thursday, when two hosts are consecrated, whereof the priest tastes one at the communion, reserving the other for the next day. u hen the missa pratsanctificatorum is to lie solemnized. In the Greek Church missa pro .«i>irt/jir<//,,/-ii)ii < ma-- of the loaves hlessed in advance I is the mass celebrated on the Wednesdays and Fridays of Lent; it consists in the
communion of the holy (dements which have 1. :on-
secratcd on the preceding Sundays. See Mass. See Siegel, Christliclu Alterthumer i Index in vol. iv).
Frosides, or Presidents, was the name some- times applied to bishops of the early ( Ihurcb, after the word irpueSpot, derived from rrpoeSpia, the elevated seat which the bishop occupied in the synod and in the religious assemblies of the people. See Coleman, Anc. Christianity Exemplified, p. 131.
Piostimonia were originally stipends derived from special foundations for theological candidates, t" help them during their studies, or to give them the means, alter their consecration, to enjoy the teachings ot -oine distinguished theological establishment The chapters, abbeys, universities, etc., in which such foun- dations existed, or which were possess* d ol the right of
collatii r presentation, granted these stipends, after
examination of the testii ties with which the compet- itors accompanied their request, to the candidate who seemed to he the most worthy of such a favor, unless
the deed of the foundation limited their choice to the individuals belonging to certain families. Sometimes the pnestimonia were -ranted to ordained priests, a-. for instance, in cathedral and collegiate churches to young ecclesiastics without prebend, hut who. in the expectation of benefices to come, served in the choir and in other ecclesiastical ministries: in this case the pra- tstimonia were sometimes considered as real benefices, anil, like these, connected with determined functions. The question ventilated in more recent times, whether these pnestimonia were rightly considered as prebends, ca l> in this latter case he answered in the affirm- ative, a- no private foundation can he lawfully consid- ered as a hen, tec In leie it has keen admitted hy the
competent clerical authorities in titulum beneficiu Al-
PRCETORIUM
467
PRCETORIUM
lowances to ecclesiastics given otherwise than as benefi- cial revenue for ecclesiastical duties, or to laymen even for ecclesiastical services, are no prebends in the canonic meaning of the word.
Praeto'rium is the rendering in Mark xv, 16 of the (■reek notation Upainopiov of the Latin word prce- torium, which properly meant the tent of the Roman general in the field, and hence the house of the Roman governor in his province (see Livy, xxviii, 27; xlv, 7; Valer. Max. i, G, 4; Cicero, Verr. ii, 4, 28; ii, 5, 12, 35; comp. Walter, Gesch. d. Rum. Rechis, i, 340). In Matt, xxvii, 27 the common version renders the same word common hall; in Phil, i, 13, palace; in John xviii, 28, hall of judgment; and elsewhere, once in the same verse in John, in v, 33, in xix, 0, and Acts xxiii, 35, jujlgment- hall. Ir. is plainly one of the many Latin words to be found in the New Testament [see Latinisms], being the word prcetorium in a Greek dress, a derivative from prator ; which latter, from prceeo, " to go before," was originally applied by the Romans to a military officer — the general. But because the Romans subdued many countries and reduced them to provinces, and governed them afterwards, at first by the generals who subdued them, or by some other military commanders, the word prvetor came ultimately to be used for any civil governor of a province, whether he had been engaged in war or not ; and who acted in the capacity of chief-justice, hav- ing a council associated with him ( Acts xxv, 12). Ac- cordingly the word prcetorium, also, which originally signified the general's tent in a camp, came at length to be applied to the residence of the civil governor in prov- inces and cities (Cicero, Verr. ii ; v, 12) ; and being prop- erly an adjective, as is also its Greek representative, it was used to signify whatever appertained to the praetor or governor ; for instance, his residence, either the whole or any part of it, as his dwelling-house, or the place where he administered justice, or even the large enclosed court at the entrance to the praetorian residence (By- naeus, Be. Morte Jesu Christi [Amsterd. 169G], ii, 407). There dwelt not only the commandant and his family (Josephus, Ant. xx, 10, 1), but a division of the troops occupied barracks there, and the prisoners who awaited hearing and judgment from the chief were there de- tained (Acts xxiii, 35). The pnetorium in the capital of a province was usually a large palace ; and we see by Josephus (War, ii, 14, 8; comp. xv, 5; Philo, Opp. ii, 591) that the procurators of Judaea, when in Jerusalem, occupied Herod's palace as a praetorium, just as in Caesarea a former royal residence served the same purpose. Yet the rendering of the Latin prcetorium in general by the word palace (by Schleusner and Wahl) is wrong. The places in Suetonius misquoted refer only to the imperial palaces out of Rome. Verres as pneses or prretor of Sicily resided in the domus prcetoria. which belonged to king Hiero (Cicero, Verr. ii, 5; xii, 31). See Jerusalem.