Procession of the Holy Ghost, that doctrine regarding the Third Person of the Blessed Trinity which teaches that as the Son proceeds (or is born) from the Father, so the Holy Ghost proceeds (or emanates) from the Father and from the Son, but as from one principle. The subject has been fully discussed in its historical re- lations iii the art. Filioque Controversy, and as a the- ological question in the art. Holy Ghost. But since the writing of those articles the subject has been revived and taken a new historical form — the formation of a new religious body from the ranks of the Romish Church, now known as the Old Catholics (q.v.). At their second annual conference or synod held in Bonn, Germany, in 1875, preparations were made for a " Union Conference" of the Old Catholic, Oriental, and Anglican churches, and such a conference accordingly convened at Bonn on Aug. 12 of that year and lasted live days. (Those interested in the character and nationality of its distinguished at- tendants will do well to consult the Methodist Quar. Oct. 1875, p. 673-675.) In the last session of that con- ference a common formula was adopted respecting the doctrine of the Procession, which Westerns and Orien- tals alike agreed to; and though it did not finally settle the question, and the controversy is still alive as we write, it is yet a very hopeful sign of an early union of different branches of the Church of Christ which have so little at variance and so much in common. The dis- cussions regarding the subject were long and animated, and for some time the Orientals held out against the adoption of ^[ 3, but by their final adoption of it an enormous step towards completer understanding has been made. The following are the resolutions: "preliminary resolutions.
"1. We agree together in receiving the oecumenical symbols and the doctrinal decisions of the ancient undi- vided Church.
"2. We agree together in acknowledging that the addi- tion of the Filioque to the Creed did not take place in an ecclesiastically regular manner.
"3. We acknowledge on all sides the representation of the doctrine of the Holy Ghost, as it is set forth by the Fathers of the undivided Church.
"4. We reject every proposition and every method of expression in which in any way the acknowledgment of two principles or upxat or a't-riat iu the Trinity may be contained.
" ON TIIK PROCESSION OF THE HOLY GHOST.
"We accept the teaching of St. John of Damascus re- specting the Holy Ghost, as the same is expressed in the following paragraphs, in the sense of the teaching of the ancient undivided Church:
" 1. The Holy Ghost goes forth out of the Father (U roZ iraTP6?) as the Beginning (apxi), the Cause (oirio), the Source (7r.i7>/) of the Godhead {De recta Sententia, n. 1 ; Contra Munich, n. 4).
"2. The Holy Ghost goes not forth out of the Son (U too vlov), because there is in the Godhead but one Begin- ning (upx>'i), one Cause (atria), through which all that is in the Godhead is produced {De Fide orthod. i, S: U -rot
vlov 6e to Trvevua ov Aiyopev, nvevpa it vlov iivopLa^ofiev).
"3. The Holv Ghost goes forth out of the Father through the Son (De Fide orthod. i, 12 : to it wi-eD/ua to ayiov entpav-
TOpllii] TOV KpV<pioV T?,? ^eoTflTOf ilWu.19 TOV TTaTpoS, IK 7Ta-
Tpo9 pev it' vlov t'KTTopeyofititi. Jbid. : vlov ot nvevpa, ovx <«f ef avTOv, uA\' uif it' al/rov in tov TraTpor Ixiroptviipevov. C. Manich. ll. 5: it'i tov Aoyov avrov ef avrov TO nievpa avrov
eiciroptvonevov. De Hijmno Trisag. n. 28: wvev/xa to 07101/ in tov iraTpor dta tov viov Kat \6yov irpdiov. Horn, in Sabb. S. n. 4 : tout' i,piv e<TTi to Xarpeviipevov . . . ■Kvevpa ayiov tov Qeov Kat varpos, aic t? avrov tKnopevopevov, orrep Kat Tot» vlov XtytTat, wf it' avrov <l>tiiC[>ot'utiov Kat tt/ KTt'iret pe- Taitiojuevov, uX,V ovk tf avrov tx°" tjjv vnaptn).
"4. The Holy Ghost is the Image of the Son, who is the Image of the Father (De Fide orthod. i, 13 : cIkuw toD TraTpor 6 vlos, Kai tov vlov to nvcvpa), going forth out of the Father
and resting in the Son as the force beaming forth from
Him {ibid, i, 7: tou 7raTpo5 jrpoepxopitvri" Kai ev tuj \6yr ui'a7rai>o/it'i/i)i/ Kat avrov oifaav 6K(pavTtK»;v dinap.iv. Ibid, i, 12: 7raTrp . . . dtu \6yov Trpo/>oAeu9 tKc/jav'TopiKou irvevfAa-
"5. The Holy Ghost is the personal Production out of the Father, belonging to the Son, but not out of the Son, because he is the Spirit of the Mouth of the Godhead, which speaks forth the Word (De Hymno Trisag. n. 2S:
piv, vlov if, Kat pi] ef vlov, iii! rrvevpa CTopaTOS Seov, \6yov efayieXriKov).
"0. The Holy Ghost forms the mediation between the Father and the Son, and is hound together to the Father through the Son (De Fide orthod. i, 13: piaov tov ayevvijTov Kai yevvrfrov Kai it' utou ™ TraTpt o-tii'aTTTo/Mei'Oi').
"N. B.— It is to be noted here that the German preposi- tion aus (out of) equals U or ex, as denoting out of a cause or origin : whereas the word von (from) is equivalent to utto or ab; while durch (through) deuotes o«; or per, through the instrumentality of."-