Pak. See Paint.
Pui (Heb. id. P*1B [for derivation, sec below]), the name of a people and of a man.
1. (Sept. <i>ovd v. r. $oi;£ ; Vulg. Africa.) A country or people located at a great distance from Judaea, and named once (Isa. lxvi, 19) between Tarshish and Lud: "The nations (d^fi), [to] Tarshish, Pui. and Lud, that draw the bow, [to] Tubal and Javan, [to] the isles afar off." Hitzig, Knobel, and some others sup- pose that the true reading is BIB, Put, which is else- where joined with Lud (Ezek. xxvii, 10; Jer. xlvi, 9; A. V. " Libyans"); and which is sometimes rendered in the Sept. $>oud (Gen. x, G ; 1 Chron. i, 8), the same form which occurs here in that version; for this, however, there is no MS. authority, and we are therefore bound to receive the Masoretic reading as correct. Gesenius observes (Thesaur. s. v. ?*IB) that *OVA could be easily changed to 3>OYA by the error of a copyist. See Pitul. If a Mizraite Lud (q. v.) be intended in this connection, Pui may be African. It has accordingly been compared by Bochart (Phaleg, iv, 2G) and Michaelis (Spicileg. i, 256; ii, 114) with the island Philee, called in Coptic Pelak, Pilak, Pilakt ; the hieroglyphic name being Eelek, P-eelek, or Eelekt (Quatremere, Memoire sur I'Egypte, i, 387 sq.). This island was inhabited jointly by Egyptians and Ethiopians (Strabo, xvii, 818 ; Diod. Sic. i, 22; Pliny, v, 10; Ptolemy, iv, 5, 74; comp. Mannert, X, i, 235 sq.), and Bochart supposes the name to be, like Elephantine, derived from a word meaning elephant (XP^B). But it mnst be kept in mind that the other names here mentioned are those of great countries, while Philaa is a very small island. Isaiah would scarcely speak of the Jewish people being driven to it. It seems much more probable that Pui was the name of some dis-
PUL
776
PULCIIK1MA
tant province of Africa; and perhaps the suggestion of Uesenius (Thesaur.p. 1094) may be right, thai we have a vestige of the old name in the word LloXo which ap- pears on inscriptions (( bampollion, Grammaire, p. 159). Hitzig (Grabsckrifl des Darius, p. 71) finds a Phul not far from Punicus. This only adds to the uncertainty. See l <■•> i-]'.
2. (Sept. 'I'ii/X v. r. <$ov\a, <bova, <ljr(\<»\', &a\wg\ Vnlg. Phul.) A king of Assyria, and the iir>t of these monarchs who is mentioned in the Bible (2 Kings sv, 19, 20; 1 Chron. \. 26). Menahem, having succeeded in mounting the throne of Israel, proceeded to make himself master of the whole territory belonging to that kingdom. Setting forth from Tirzah, he attacked and
k by storm Tiphsah, or Thapsacus, on the Euphrates,
which had once more been made a border town of Israel by the conquests of Jeroboam II, whose victorious career had restored the ancient boundaries of the land in thai direction as they had been in the days of Solomon (2 Kings xv, 16; xiv, 25, 28; 1 Kings iv. 24). lie ap- pears to have thus drawn on himself the notice of Pul, B.C. 769. Menahem is thought by some to have in- herited a kingdom which was already included among the dependencies of Assyria; for as early as B.C. 880 Jehu gave tribute to Shalmaneser, according to the in- scription "ii the black obelisk [see Shalmanksee ; and if Judaea was, as it seems to have been, a regular tributary (rum the beginning of the reign ofAmaziah
1 B.< !. s:'.7 i. Samaria, which lay between Judaea and As- syria, can scarcely have been independent. Under the Assyrian system the monarchs of tributary kingdoms, on ascending the throne, applied for "confirmation in their kingdoms" to the lord paramount, and only he- came established on receiving it. We may gather from
2 Kings XV, 1!*, 20 that. .Menahem neglected to make any such application to his liege lord, Pul— a neglecl which would have been regarded as a plain act of rebell- ion. Possibly, in the campaign against Tiphsah, we must regard .Menahem as having attacked the Assyrians, and deprived them for awhile of their dominion west of the Euphrates. However this may have been, it is evi- dent that Pul looked upon Menahem as an enemy. He consequently marched an army into Palestine for the purpose of punishing his revolt, when Menahem hast- ened to make his submission, and having collected by means of a poll-tax the large sum of a thousand talents
Of gold, he paid it over to the Assyrian monarch, who consented thereupon to "confirm" him as king. See
Mix Wll.M.
There is great difficulty in determining whai Assyrian
king is referred to under the name PuL I le musl ha\ e ruled over Assyria as the immediate predecessor ol Tig-
lath-pilcser II. for this Latter monarch, according to Sir H. Rawlinson (Afkenaum, No, 1793), is recorded to have received tribute in his eighth year from Menahem, whose rei^n occupied only ten years. For some time Sir II. Rawlinson identified him with a king whose cuneiform name he has variously represented as Tva- lush. Vul-lush, and Yama-zala-khus (Oppert, Hee-likh- khus), and who reckoned among the countries tributary t" himself thai of Khumri or Samaria (Rawlinson, //<- rodotus, i. 467). [Smith revives this theory (Assyrian Eponym Canon, p. 1*7) of the identity of I 'id with IV- i he reads the name), who, according to his dates, invaded Damascus in B.C.773.] This identifica- tion, however, Rawlinson gave up on ascertaining thai the lately deciphered Assyrian canon interposed the