Figure of Pulear.
Pulgar, Isaac, a Jewish convert to Christianity, flourished at Avila, in Spain, about 1300 to 1349. He was a friend of Abner of Burgos, better known (after his baptism) as Alphonso of Valladolid, against whom he af- terwards wrote a polemical work entitled niSlpfl D, " The Book of Answers." He also wrote, besides some other works which are still in MS., a work under the title rpOl^En ES1 ^i'nitlin niSl, "A Contest between an Orthodox and a Philosopher," wherein he endeavors to reconcile the difference between philosophy and faith, and which was reprinted after a Paris MS. in the D5't3 D"'3£t of E. Ashkenasi (Frankf. a. M. 1854), p. 12-19. Pidgar was the first to say that "the belief in the Mes- sianic redemption is not an essential point of Judaism, with which it stands or falls, although many passages in the prophets speak of the coming of the Messiah." See Fiirst, Bibl. Jud. iii, 110 sq. ; De Eossi, Bizionario Storieo degli Autori Ebrei, p. 266 (Germ, transl. by Hamberger); the same, Bibliotheca Judaicd Aniichris- tiana, p. 93; Gratz, Geschichte der Juden, vii. 337 sq., 485 sq. (2d ed. Leips. 1873) ; Wolf, Bibl. Bebr. i, 1259. (B. P.)
Puliahs, the lowest of all Indian castes, or, rather, the scum of the lowest, being still more despised than the Pariahs. They are not allowed to walk on the regu-
PULLER
K8
LULP1T
lar roads, but must.. 'it the distance of a hundred paces, warn erery wanderer of their vicinity by uttering a well-known yell. They ate not even allowed to dwell in huts, I. in livi al a great distance from all inhabited plai es, in dense forests, w here they build their nests on tree-, like monkeys. — Vollmer, Worterb.d. Mythol. s. v.
Puller, Timothy, D.D., an English divine of some i. flourished in the second half of the 17th century. He was rector of Sacomb, Herts, in 1671, and ol it. Marj le Bow in 1679. He died in 1693. He pub- lished Moderation "/tin Church of England (Loud. 1679, 8vo; now ed. by the Rev. Robert Eden. L843,8vo). See Fuller, Tracts of Anglican Fathers, iii, 309.
Pulleyn, Robkrt, an English Roman Catholic prelate of the 12th century, was born, according to Ful- ler, in the county of Oxford. After having studied in Paris, lo returned to England in 1130, ami found the University of Oxford devastated ami almost mined by the Danes, and lie zealously contributed to restore it to its previously flourishing condition. In the reign of Henrj 1 lie was charged with the work of explaining the writings of, and commenting upon, Aristotle, and hi' acquitted himself in this double task to the threat satis- faction of his scholars and the kin-', his constant patron. lie received as recompense the archdeaconry of Roches- ter. After a short time he returned to Paris, and taught theology at the Sorbonne. In vain his bishop sum- moned him to return to England, and in order to com- pel him to do so, seized the revenues of his benefice. Pulleyn appealed againsl these proceedings to the pope, who decided in his favor. Such was his renown that Innocent 1 1 summoned him to Rome, and there received him with -real honor. In 11 1 1 Celestine II created him cardinal, and SOOH after Lucius II made him chancel- lor of the I; an Church, lie died in L150. Pulleyn
wrote several works. The one which remains to us is the Sententiarum Liber (Paris. 1655). From it it is ev- ident that he preferred the authority of the Bible and of reason to the testimony of the fathers or to the sub- tle! ies of iii,. scholastics. Pulleyn belonged to the Abe- lard school of theology, and inclined to free dialectic dis- cussion. He advocated the doctrine of free will, hut did not admit gratia irnsi.<iil,ili.<. "Through pride," he writes, ■•man fell: his salvation must proceed from the opposite epiarter. The rational man, who was des- tined to rule over nature, must humble himself before the sensible elements t<> receive grace through them."
Bui I Iii- was a lowering of the idea of humility to an outward act. He favored, strangely enough for one so liberal in many things, the withholding of the cup from the laity, in order, as he taught, "that the blood might nol !»• spilled again," and supported the doctrine Of indulgences (q. V.) in a mosl extreme manner. But the mosl eeeeutn, of all his I hoolngical notions was the absurd question he raised as to the exact moment at which, and (he manner in which, the union of the di- vine nature of the Son with the human assumed in the womb of .Mary had taken place; and that on the ero>s only Christ's body had died, hut not the whole man Christ. Pulleyn appears to have written also on the
Apocalypse. There are still twenty of his sermons pre- served a ig lie Lambeth MSS. See Wright, Biog.
Brit, ii, 183; Hardwick, Church Hist, of thi MiddU , p. 163, 264; Meander, Dogmas, ii, 486, 521, 524 Bq., ei al.. Hagenbach, Hist, of Doctrines, ii. 1 I. H,65, et al.
^ Pulling, Alonzo B.. a minister of the Methodist
Episcopal! liuivh. was horn at Ridgefield, C i., Nov.
28, 1818. lh experienced religion in the summer of 1840. lh was licensed to preach .March I. 1845, was into I hi New York Conference in the fol- lowing May, and appointed to Ponsetl and Killing- worth i lircuit, « hich he si rved two years. He was ad- mitted io full membership June 21, 1848, and ordained deacon. He wa9 then appointed to West Granby, which charge he si rved two years; was ordained an elder at