New Haven in .May. 1850, and appointed to Pleasant Valley ami New Hartford Mi-ion. where belabored two years. He thenceforth served New Milford, Woodbury, .ami Berlin ; was supernumerary one year, and was afti r- wards stationed at Southington .and Forestville,Wi it- port, Ansonia, Seymour, New .Milford. Nichol's farms, Roxbury, East Village, and Riverside. In 1876 failing health compelled him to take a superannuated relation. lie died dan. 12, 1878. See Minutes of Annual Confer- ences, 1878, p. 50.
Pulolah is the name of the temple of the Grand Lama at Deshesho. It signifies ■•the temple with the golden roof." In this temple dwell, when l he Dalai Lama is present. 800 priots. exclusively employed in his service. In the interior, it is said, there is a multi- tude of statues, every one representing a woman with a chihl in her arms. These are probably the mothers of as many former dalai lamas. -Vollmer. Worterb.d. My- thol. s. v.
Pulpit ( "•"."", migdol, Neb. viii, 4. properly tower), an elevated stage, whence Ezra read the law unto the congregation (comp. ix, 4). See Bible Educator, ii. 263.
PULPIT (L&t. pulpitum; Fr.chaire,pupitre meaning a lectern, lection being a book-desk), an elevated place from which sermons arc delivered. Ezra, w hen reading the law. stood on a pulpit of wood high above the peo- ple i Neh. \ iii. ii; and Solomon prayed on a brazen scaf- fold ( 2Chron. vi. 13). In mediaeval times tin. word desig- nates the rood-lofi. Becon uses it in its mod. rn sense. It is said to remind the hearer of ( hrist going up on the mountain to preach his Sermon of Beatitudes. < >ri-i- nally. it would appear to have been used chiefly for the singing, chanting, or recitation which forms part of the public service, and was a kind of stage sufficiently large to accommodate two. or even more, chanters. For the convenience of the hearers, this stage began to be used by the bishop, priest, or deacon, in the delivery of the homily : and thus, by degrees, a tribune expressly suit- ed to the latter use alone came to be introduced. The earliest pulpit was the ambo, tribune, or tribunal, as it is called by l'rudetitius. F.piplianius says that St.Chrys- ostom usually preached from the ambo; so did Si. Am- brose and St. Augustine: and Nicephorus records that Macedonius, patriarch of Constantinople in 489, mount- ed the .-1111110 when he desired to dear himself of a charge of heresy. In some of the older churches, the ambo, or pulpitum, is slid used for the chanting of the Gospel and Epistles. The ambo was placed in the cen- tre of the church by the- Greeks; it is in the middle of the nave al St. Pancras's, at Lome, on the left Bide, but on the right at Milan and Ravenna. Al St. Clem- ent's, Rome, the Epistle desk is on the left, and that of the prophecies on the right. At Charms. Bayeux, and Roiamenl the matin lections were snug on the left side of the choir-entrance, and the desk was tailed the leg- end at Chartres. At Bourges, an eagle Btood in front of the matin altar. A pulpit at Orleans and Chalons- sur-Marne was used for reading the Epistle, Gradual, Tract, and Alleluia; the Gospel was sung on the west
side of the Julie at Chartres. Chalons, and l.\ oils, that for the lections facing the east. At Bayeux and No- yoll i here were Beveral deska At Lyons and Vienne; i he < lospel was read in the lower part of the choir, and the Epistle from the ambo: but the latter was used at
both times al l.'heiins, Cambrai. lours. Rouen, Sens, ( 'luilons. l.aon. Soissons, Noyon, Amiens, He am ais, Sen- lis, Orleans, Meaux, Tournay, Bayeux, and St Denis. The desk for reading the < lospel was called the pulpit ; the lectern held the choir-books. The former was mov- able, bo as to be transferred from the one Bide to the other of the choir, and used by the subdeai for read- ing the Epistle; whereas the lectern stood n the cen- tre of the choir asa fixture, and was common to all the
cantors in lime of singing. Both, from their c noii
ornament, the symbol of St. John Evangelist, w ere call- ed the Eagle; and it appears on the amboues of 1'is-
PULPIT
779
PULPIT
• toja of the 13th century, and in three ancient churches at Rome. The deacon, taking the Book of the Gos- pels, richly bound in ivory, metal, and jewelry, carried it processionally, preceded by thurifers and taper-bear- ers, to the north side, where the pulpit stood. Fulk, abbot of Lobbes in the 9th century, made a wonderful eagle, on which burned four tapers in the form of a cross; a censer was contrived in its neck, which poured fragrant smoke from the beak and flaming eyes of the bird; and the head and wings were movable, for the convenience of turning the book. Often the other three evangelists were represented as writing the words sung by the deacon; at Messina there is one with the pel- ican, as the symbol of the Saviour, above all. At Nar- bonne, in the cathedral, there is a movable pulpit of the 14th century, consisting of two iron supports set sal- tierwise, and supporting a bookstand of supple leather. Those of St. Augustine's, Canterbury, and Bury St. Ed- mund's, mentioned in the 12th century, were movable until the 14th century. In Belgium, the ambo or a faldstool, set before the altar, served as a pulpit. Ac- cording to John de Garlande, who wrote at the close of the lltli century, a pulpit is the ascent of steps to the lectern, upon which the chant- or reading- book was laid. The double pulpits of Milan, Narni, and Perugia connect the tradition with the ambones; those of Tole- do are of bronze, and those at Seville are still used for singing the Gospel and Epistle. In three of the an- cient churches at Rome, the Epistle ambo is square, and stands on the north; while that for the Gospel is round, and stands on the south side, with flights of stairs leading up to it. The ordinary pulpit also stood on the south side, as at Toledo, because the Gospel was preach- ed from it. The jube for the gospeller and epistoler in large churches took the place of the ambo, and within two centuries was used by the preacher at Rouen; but in smaller churches a pulpit was used, yet there is no existing example or record of such furniture until the 13th century. Pulpits were formerly placed not only in churches, but also in the refectories of monasteries, as at Beverley, Shrewsbury, Chester, etc. ; in the clois- ters, as at St. Die, in France; and occasionally in pub- lic thoroughfares, as on the north side of the church of