4. A new edition, which, as we hope, will become the standard text for the future, is that commenced by Baer and Delitzsch. As early as 1SG1,S. Baer, in connection with Prof. Delitzsch, published the D'blin ISO, or Liber Psahnorum Hebraicus. Textum Masorethicum accuratius qttam adhitc factum est expressit . . . JS'otas criticas adjecit S. Baer. Prsefatus est F. Delitzsch (Lipsire, 1SG1). Mr. Baer, who for about twenty years has made Masoretic lore his spe- cialty, the results of which he partly gave to the public iu his n?2X mill (Rodelheim, 1S52), was best adapted for such a task, and his connection with Prof. Delitzsch, one of the greatest living Hebrew scholars, is the best guar- antee that the work is in able hands. An improved edi- tion of the Psalms was published in 1S74, under the title mbftn "ISO, Liber Psalmorum Hebraicus atque Latinus ab Hieronymo ex Hebrceo conversus. Consoeiata opera ediderunt C. de Tischendorf, S. Baer, et Fr. Delitzsch. In the preface, which is prepared by Delitzsch, we get a great deal of instructive matter as to the sources used for this edition. The Hebrew and Latin text is followed by Ap- pendices Critical, et Masorethictv of great value to the stu- dent. Both these editions are published in 12mo. Be- sides the Psalms, which in their present size are proba- bly not intended for a complete edition of the Old Test., they published—
(i.) ^wen niaanb 'irxn iso xin niisx-o -iso
min, Liber Genesis, Textum Masorethicum accitratissinte expressit, e Fontibus Masorce varic illustravit, Kotis Criti- cis confirmavit, S. Baer. Praefatus est edendi operis adju- tor Fr. Delitzsch (Lipsise, 1SG9, gr. Svo). The title fully indicates the contents of the work, which, however, we will specify. The Hebrew text is followed by — a. Specimen Lectionum in hac Editione Genesis recepta-
b. Loci Genesis Voealem non productam in Medio Extre- move Verm retinentes.
c. Scriptural Genesis inter Scholas Orientates et Occiden- tales controversce.
d. Loci Genesis a Ben-Asher et Ben-Xaphtali diverse Punctis signati.
e. Loci Genesis Consitniles qui facile confuitduntur.
f. Loci Genesis Linn-la J'asch notati.
(j. Sections Libri Genesis Masorethicce.
It. t onsjircttts Xotarum Masorcticarttvi : a. Varietas scrip- tionis et lectionis; /i. Aduotationes Masoreticre; 7. Clau- sula libri.
(2.) Liber Jesaice . . . (Lipsise, 1S72), containing the same . critical matter as Geuesis.
(3.) Liber Jobi . . . (ibid. 1S75). Opposite the title-page stands a fac-simile of the Codex T^hufutkale No. 8 a, which gives a good specimen of the Babylonian system of punctuation.
(4.) Liber Duodecim Prophetarum . . . (ibid. 1S7S).
The prefaces which precede the Hebrew text in all these volumes give an account of the various MSS., editions, etc., which have been perused for each book, and are full of instruction to the student of the sacred text. When completed, this edition of the Old Test, will form not a recensiou, but the recension of the best Hebrew text with which the student can be furnished.
Literature. — For the different editions of the Old Test., see Le-Long-Mash, Wolf, Bartolocci, Bosenniiil- ler, and introductions to the Old Test., together with Davidson, Biblical Criticism, i, 137 sq., and De Eossi, De Hebraicce Typographic Origine, etc. (Parma, 1770); id. De Typograpltia Hebrtro - Ferrariensi, etc. (ibid. 1780); id. De Ignotis KonnuUis Antiquissimis Hebr. Textus Editt. etc. (Erlangen, 17821; id. Annales //,.- braio -typographici, etc. (Parma, 1795). For various readings, see the editions of Kennicott, Michaelis, Jahn, Eeineeeius-Meissncr-Diklerlein ; the Varice Leclionesof De Eossi (ibid. 1784, 4 vols.); Davidson, The Hebrew Text of the Old Testament, etc. (Lond. 1855)— following, as Davidson does, De Eossi and Jahn, his work, besides being deficient, cannot always be relied upon; Pick, Horai Samaritance, or a Collection of Various Readings of the Samaritan Pentateuch compart <l with the He- brew and other A ncient Veisions, in Bibl. Sacra (Ando- ver, 1876-78); Strack, Katalog der hebr. Bibelhand- schrif/en in St. Petersburg (St. Petersburg, 1875). For critical purposes, see, besides the articles Quotations of the Old Testament in the Talmud and Maso- rah in this Cyclopaedia, together with the literature given in those articles, Strack, Prolegomena Critica in V. T. (Lipsia?, 1873); id. Zur Tt.t thritik </<s Jesaias, in Lutht rische '/.< itschrift (Leipsic, 1877), p. 17 sq., and his preface to the edition of the Prophetarum. Coder Baby- lonicus Pet ropolit anus (Petrop. 1876) ; Meir Ila-Levi Abulafia (q. v.), mirb a^O miDa ISO (Florence, 1750; Berlin, 1761), Lonzano, min "I1X (Venice, 1618; Berlin, 17-45) ; Norzi (q. v.), "O nH3^ (Vienna, 1813) ; also in the Warsaw Eabbinic Bible ; Heidenheim, ttJOIH aiS-iS -11X13 (Eodelheim. 1818-21); Kimchi, Liber Radicum edd. Lebrecht et Biesenthal (Berlin, 1847) ; Frensdorff, Die Massora Magna (Hanover and Leipsic, 1876); Geiger, Urschrift mid Uebersetzungen d< r Libel (Breslau, 1857), p. 231 sq. ; the critical notes appended by Baer and Delitzsch to the different books edited by them ; the Masechet Soferim (q. v.), best ed. by J. Mid- ler (Leipsic, 1878); the forthcoming work of Ginsburg on the Masorah, which will be published in 4 vols. — viz. vol. i, the Masorah Magna, lexically arranged; vol. ii, the Masorah Parva ; vol. iii, an English translation, with explanatory notes; vol. iv. the original Hebrew text of the Bible according to the Masorah; and De- litzsch, Complutensische Varianten zu dun Alttestament- lichen Texte (ibid. 1878). (B. P.)
EECENSIONS of the New Testament. After the critical materials at the basis of the New-Test, text had accumulated in the hands of Mill and Bentlcy, they began to be examined with care. Important readings in different documents were seen to possess resemblances more or less striking. Passages were found to present the same form, though the MSS. from which they were derived belonged to various times and countries. The