sary in XVI 22 (p. 217). Some of the many difficulties involved in the interpretation that the praetors rent the clothes of Paul and Silas are exposed by Spitta, Apostelgesch., p. 218 f. To discuss the subject properly would need a chapter. It is not impossible that the title "praetors" may have been even technically accurate ; but I have not ventured to go beyond the statement that it was at least employed in courtesy.
7. The short paragraph about the politarchs should be transferred from p. 227 to p. 229, 1. 6 ff.
8. The fact that Paul's friends were permitted free access to him in Rome and Csesareia {Acts XXVIII 30 and XXIV 23) cannot be taken as a proof of what would be the case in a convoy, which must have been governed with strict Roman discipline. The argument on p. 315 f. is con- sistent with the supposition that Julius learned that the two attendants of Paul were friends acting as slaves ; but their presence in the convoy was legalized only under the guise of slavery.
9. My friend and former pupil, Mr. A. A. G.
Wright, sends me a good note on p. 329, con- s'
xviii Preface.
firming the interpretation (adopted from Smith) of yakaaavTic, to gkivoc, from the practice of the herring boats in the Moray Firth ; these boats, fitted with a large lug-sail, are a good parallel to the ancient sailing ships. In Paul's ship the sailors "slackened the sail-tackle," and thus lowered the yard some way, leaving a low sail, which would exercise less leverage on the hull (p. 328).
Aberdeen, %$th March, 1896.