PUBLIC-DOMAIN CHRISTIAN BOOK
St. Paul the Traveller and the Roman Citizen
Ramsay, William Mitchell, Sir, 1851-1939 · 127,287 words · 192 reading sections
Preface.
>;•;<;•;• ST. PAUL THE TRAVELLER AND THE ROMAN CITIZEN (Through the liberality of Mr. Henry A. Morgan, Aurora, N.Y.). la the Theological Seminary of Auburn in the State of New York, 1894. MANSFIELD COLLEGE LECTURES, 1895. ST. PAUL AS A CITIZEN OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. &* THE MORGAN LECTURES FOR i8g4 To ANDREW MI…
526 wordsSECTION 2Preface. ix
Doubtless almost everything I have to say might be supported by some quotation. But if a history of opinion about Acts had been desired, I should not have been applied to. Where I was conscious of having learned any special point from any special scholar I have mentioned his name ; but that, of course, does not e…
385 wordsSECTION 3Preface To The Second Edition.
There are many sentences and paragraphs which I should have liked to rewrite, had it been possible, not in order to alter the views expressed, but to improve the inadequate expression. In the new edition, however, it was not possible to introduce any alterations affecting the arrange- ment of the printed lines ; …
369 wordsSECTION 4Preface. xiii
there lies one of the fine points of the prob- lem. After finishing the Church in the Roman Empire before 170, I had no thought of troubling the world with anything further on this subject ; but Dr. Chase's criticism roused me to renewed work, and then came the Auburn invitation. With the Galatian question the da…
386 wordsSECTION 5Preface. xv
If Paul died in the year beginning 23rd Sept., 67, his birth was in 1 a.d. (before 23rd Sept.). Now he evidently began public life after the Crucifixion, but before the death of Stephen ; and he would naturally come before the public in the course of his thirtieth year ; therefore his birth falls later than Passo…
413 wordsSECTION 6Preface. ^vii
sary in XVI 22 (p. 217). Some of the many difficulties involved in the interpretation that the praetors rent the clothes of Paul and Silas are exposed by Spitta, Apostelgesch., p. 218 f. To discuss the subject properly would need a chapter. It is not impossible that the title "praetors" may have been even technic…
272 wordsSECTION 7Preface To The Third Edition.
I am partly glad, partly sorry, to have little change to make in this edition — glad, because the words printed, however inadequate I feel them to be, have, on the whole, stood the test of further thought and growing knowledge — sorry, because so few of the faults which must exist have revealed themselves to me. …
356 wordsSECTION 8Preface. xxi
suggest that he was in an obscure position, and Gal. I 23 perhaps describes mere occasional rumours about a personage who was not at the time playing a prominent part as a preacher, as the Rev. C. E. C. Lefroy points out to me in an interesting letter (which prompts this note). But the facts, when looked at in th…
407 wordsSECTION 9Preface. xxiii
Ephesus and went to Troas ; and the balance of probability is that such a visit was made, probably in March, 56 (as soon as the sailing season began), by ship from Philippi. The paragraph, XX, 1-4, is confessedly obscure and badly expressed ; and it is probable that, if the book had been carried to its final stag…
344 wordsSECTION 10Chapter VII. The Apostolic Council - - - 152-177
1. Trustworthiness, 1. 2. Development of Modern Criticism on Acts, 10, 3. Working Hypothesis of the Investiga- tion, 14. 4. The Author of Acts and his Hero, 20. 5. The Text of Acts, 23. Note, rbv irpwrov \6yor, 27. X. Paul's Nationality, 29. 2. His Family, 34. 3. His Per- sonality, 37. 1. The Gentiles in the Chur…
264 wordsSECTION 11Chapter XIII. The Voyage to Jerusalem - - 283-313
Galatia - 178-193 1. The Visit of Paul and Silas, 178. 2. The Desertion of the Galatians, 182. 3. Letter to the Churches of Galatia, 184. 4. The Date of the Galatian Epistle, 189. 5. The Later History of the Churches of Galatia, 192. Man into Macedonia ... - 194-212 1. Across Asia, 194. 2. The Call into Macedoni…
297 wordsSECTION 12The Acts Of The Apostles.
1. Caesareia to Myra, 314. 2. Myra to Fair Havens, 320. 3. The Council, 321. 4. The Storm, 326. 5. Drifting, 330. 6. Land, 333. 7. Paul's Action on the Ship, 336. 8. On Shore, 339. 9. Malta, 342. 1. The Coming to Rome, 344. 2. The Residence in Rome, 34g. 3. Seneca and Paul, 353. 4. The Trial, 356. 5. Last Trial a…
686 wordsSECTION 13The Acts Of The Apostles.
Sec. i. Trustworthiness. genius, literary skill, and sympathetic historical insight into human character and the movement of events. Such an author seizes the critical events, concentrates the reader's attention on them by giving them fuller treatment, touches more lightly and briefly on the less important events,…
917 wordsSECTION 14The Acts Of The Apostles.
6 The Acts of the Apostles. Chap. I. is compared with the reminiscences of an able and highly educated actor in the same scenes, and when the comparison consists chiefly in a laboured proof that the discrepancies do not amount to positive contradiction, the conclusion is very near, that, if the reminiscences are …
922 wordsSECTION 15The Acts Of The Apostles.
Sec. i. Trustworthiness. that an unknown person came to Auburn from New York, and you wished to find out whether he was an impostor or not. In our country we are exposed to frequent attempts at imposition, which can often be detected by a few questions ; and you would probably ask him about his experiences on his…
685 wordsSECTION 16The Acts Of The Apostles.
Warned by the failure of the older theories, many recent critics take the line that Acts consists of various first- century scraps put together in the book as we have it by a second -century Redactor. The obvious signs of vivid accuracy in many of the details oblige these critics to assume that the Redactor incorp…
708 wordsSECTION 17The Acts Of The Apostles.
Dr. Clemen seems to assume that every instance where Paul adopts an attitude of conciliation towards the Jews is added by a Judaistic Redactor, and every step in his grow- ing estrangement from them is due to an anti-Judaistic Redactor. He does not, I venture to think, allow due scope to the possibility that an hi…
759 wordsSECTION 18The Acts Of The Apostles.
Further, we cannot admit readily that peculiarities of Luke's narrative are to be accounted for by want of 1 6 The Acts of the Apostles. Chap. I. information : in his case this explanation really amounts to an accusation of culpable neglect of a historian's first duty, for full information was within Luke's reach,…
687 wordsSECTION 19The Acts Of The Apostles.
Luke was deficient in the sense for time ; and hence his chronology is bad. It would be quite impossible from Acts alone to get a true idea of the lapse of time. That is the fault of his age ; Tacitus, writing the biography of Agricola (about 98 A.D.), makes no chronological statement, until in the last paragraph …
807 wordsSECTION 204. The Author Of Acts And His Hero.
It is rare to find a narrative so simple and so little forced as that of Acts. It is a mere uncoloured recital of the important facts in the briefest possible terms. The narrator's individuality and his personal feelings and preferences are almost wholly suppressed. He is entirely absorbed in his work ; and he wri…
721 wordsSECTION 214. The Author Of Acts And His Hero.
Paul feels. 1 Church in R. £.. Ch. XIII. Sec. 4. The Author of Acts and his Hero. 23 The question must be fairly considered whether Luke had completed his history. There is one piece of evi- dence from his own hand that he had not completed it, but contemplated a third book at least. His work \s divided into two…
741 wordsSECTION 224. The Author Of Acts And His Hero.
But, beyond this, when translations were made into Syriac and Latin (the former certainly, the later probably, as early as the middle of the second century), the attention of scholars was necessarily directed to the difficulties in interpretation of the text, with its occasional archaic ex- pressions, obscure word…
794 wordsSECTION 234. The Author Of Acts And His Hero.
28 The Acts of the Apostles. Chap. I. distinguishes them correctly (though he blurs the dis- tinction in other words) : to irporepov as the former of two visits Gal. IV 13, ttjv irporepav avaarpo(f)^v Eph. IV 22. Blass, with the grammarian's love for making absolute rules, conjectures the last example away, in or…
323 wordsSECTION 24The Origin Of St. Paul.
i. PAUL'S nationality. In the growth of Christi- anity we observe that all the threads of development which had been formed in the life of the great races of older history are gathered together into one complex whole. Hence we have just the same assurance of the truth of Christianity that we have of the trustworth…
708 wordsSECTION 25The Origin Of St. Paul.
Paul was, in the second place, a " Tarsian, a citizen of a distinguished city" (XXI 39, IX 11). He was not merely a person born in Tarsus, owing to the accident of his family being there : he had a citizen's rights in Tarsus. We may confidently assume that Paul was careful to keep within demonstrable law and custo…
755 wordsSECTION 26The Origin Of St. Paul.
3 34 The Origin of St. Paul. Chap. II. From this wide and diversified training we may under- stand better Paul's suitability to develop the primitive Judaic Church into the Church of the Roman World (for beyond that he never went in practice, though in theory he recognised no limit short of universal humanity), …
768 wordsSECTION 27The Origin Of St. Paul.
Perhaps it is some terrible family scene that made Paul so keenly alive to the duty owed by a father to his children. Probably nothing in family life makes a more awful and lasting impression on a sensitive mind than a scene where a respected and beloved parent makes a demand beyond what love or duty permits, and…
771 wordsSECTION 28The Origin Of St. Paul.
Sec. 3. His Personality. 39 upwards as Jesus was taken away from them, or Cornelius stared at the Angel. In the Third Gospel, IV 20, the stare of the congregation in Nazareth at Jesus, when He first spoke in the synagogue after His baptism, suggests that a new glory and a new conscious- ness of power in Him were …
324 wordsSECTION 29The Church In Antioch
i. THE GENTILES IN THE CHURCH. (XI 19) THEY THEN THAT WERE SCATTERED THROUGH THE TRIBULA- TION THAT AROSE ON ACCOUNT OF STEPHEN TRAVELLED {i.e., made missionary journeys) AS FAR AS PHOZNICE AND CYPRUS AND ANTIOCH, SPEAKING THE WORD TO JEWS AND NONE SAVE JEWS. (20) BUT THERE WERE SOME OF THEM, MEN OF CYPRUS AND CY…
713 wordsSECTION 30The Church In Antioch
According to Acts, this great question was first presented definitely to Peter in the case of a Roman centurion named Cornelius ; and a vision, which had appeared to him immediately before the question emerged, determined him to enter the house and the society of Cornelius, and set forth to him the good news, on t…
721 wordsSECTION 31The Church In Antioch
1 ol c'k irtpiTOfxTJs, XI 2, Gal. II 12 : "some of the sect of the Phari- sees that believed," XV 5. Sec 2. The Coming of Barnabas. 45 WHOLE YEAR THEY MET IN THE ASSEMBLY, AND TAUGHT MUCH PEOPLE ; AND THAT THE DISCIPLES WERE CALLED "CHRISTIANS" FIRST IN ANTIOCH. As in previous cases, an envoy was sent from the Ch…
667 wordsSECTION 32The Church In Antioch
Sec. 2. The Coming of Barnabas. 47 requires one to look forward ; each is the complement of the other, and the two together hit off a long period during which no critical event had to be recorded. The same period, together with the following year in Antioch, is described by Paul himself, Gal. I 21, 22: "Then I cam…
725 wordsSECTION 33The Church In Antioch
The great famine in Palestine occurred probably in A.D. 46. The commentators as a rule endeavour, by straining Josephus, or by quoting the authority of Orosius, to make out that the famine took place in 44, and even that it occasioned the persecution by Herod. The eagerness to date the famine in 44 arises from a …
679 wordsSECTION 34The Church In Antioch
The service in Jerusalem must have occupied Barnabas and Saul for a considerable time. They acted as adminis- trators (Siclkovoi) of the relief; and it becomes evident how much is implied in the words of XI 29, XII 25 from the comparison of VI 1 " the daily ministration " of food to the poor. The same term (Siaico…
787 wordsSECTION 35The Church In Antioch
54 The Church in Antioch. Chap. III. It is not mere accidental collocation, that immediately on the return of Barnabas and Saul comes the record of the flourishing state of the Church in Antioch, with its band of prophets and teachers (XIII i) : the result of their noble work in Jerusalem was apparent in the fulle…
891 wordsSECTION 36The Church In Antioch
Sec. 3. The Antiochian Collection for the Poor. 57 MATTER OF FACT I at that time MADE IT MY SPECIAL OBJECT TO PERFORM. As is pointed out elsewhere in full detail, the concluding sentence defines the object which Paul carried out in Jerusalem : other events were incidental. This journey, therefore, is declared in …
664 wordsSECTION 37The Church In Antioch
Sec. 3. The Antiochian Collection for the Poor. 59 able magnitude, and involved a good deal of organisation. We may gather from Luke that the two envoys were entrusted with the management ; but the whole details of purchase, transport, and distribution lie outside of his conception and plan. The essential fact for…
873 wordsSECTION 38The Church In Antioch
This incident is usually assigned to the first visit which Paul paid to Jerusalem after his conversion. But he does 62 The Church in Antioch. Chap. III. not say or even imply that it was his first visit ; and we must be guided by the suitability of the circumstances mentioned to the facts recorded about the variou…
662 wordsSECTION 39The Church In Antioch
64 The Church in Antioch. Chap. III. MSS. in XII 25, "returned to Jerusalem": this seems to be an alteration made deliberately by an editor, who, because these passages referred to the same visit, tampered with the text of XII 25 to bring it into verbal conformity with XXII 17. 5. THE MISSION OF BARNABAS AND SAUL…
901 wordsSECTION 40The Church In Antioch
What was the effect of the public ceremony described in v. 3 ? The high authority of Lightfoot answers that it constituted Barnabas and Saul as Apostles. He acknow- Sec 5. The Mission of Barnabas and Saul. 67 ledges that Saul's " conversion may indeed be said in some sense to have been his call to the Apostleship.…
662 wordsSECTION 41The Missionary Journey Of Barnabas And Saul.
Note. Date of the Famine. 69 In the preceding chapter, Lightfoot's view is quoted according to his edition of Gal., where he says that Barnabas and Saul had come to Jerusalem and returned to Antioch before Herod's death. Since the chapter was in type, I notice that in a posthumous essay "printed from lecture note…
697 wordsSECTION 42The Missionary Journey Of Barnabas And Saul.
In v. 6 how briefly the work of a considerable period is summed up ! Four Greek words (SceXdovTes oXijv ttjv vrjaov) contain all that is said about a missionary journey through- out the island. We understand from this brevity that there was no important fact for the historian's purpose. The passage is a typical on…
739 wordsSECTION 43The Missionary Journey Of Barnabas And Saul.
We notice, first, the accuracy of the title proconsul, ap- plied to the governor of Cyprus. The remarkable incident that follows is connected with a definite individual, who is named and characterised. He was Sergius Paulus, a man of ability.2 A Greek inscription of Soloi8 on the north coast of Cyprus is dated " i…
758 wordsSECTION 44The Missionary Journey Of Barnabas And Saul.
Sec a. Paphos. 77 that the Roman was "under the influence of" the false prophet. Either we must say that the author scatters his words heedlessly on the page, or we must understand that these words of praise coming at that precise point exclude any idea of weak submission to the strong personality of the Magian. …
691 wordsSECTION 45The Missionary Journey Of Barnabas And Saul.
The influence of this Eastern religion — one nature with many varieties — was widely spread ; and it was inevitable that the new religion, which was strongly opposed to its methods of dominating its votaries and crushing their per- sonality and individuality, should often be brought in col- lision with its teacher…
714 wordsSECTION 46The Missionary Journey Of Barnabas And Saul.
The custom which was thus expressed seems to have originated in the bilingual governments and countries of the later centuries B.C. (or, at least, to have become common and familiar then). At that time Greece had gone forth to conquer the East ; and a varnish of Greek culture was spread over many non-Greek races, …
679 wordsSECTION 47The Missionary Journey Of Barnabas And Saul.
Coming forward in this character and name, Paul was taking a momentous step, the importance of which was fully marked in the narrative. In the first place, he was taking the leading place and guiding the tone of the inter- view instead of being, as heretofore, the subordinate fol- lowing Barnabas. Hence in the nar…
749 wordsSECTION 48The Missionary Journey Of Barnabas And Saul.
86 Journey of Barnabas and Saul. Chap. IV. followed by that transport of power, which attested the grace that was given to the bold innovator, and the Divine approval and confirmation of his step. On former occasions the grace that was evident in Antioch confirmed the high character of the Antiochian Brotherhood i…
656 wordsSECTION 49Foundation Op The Churches Of Galatia.
88 Journey of Barnabas and Saul. Chap. IV. The marvellous is indissolubly interwoven — for good or for bad — with this narrative, and cannot be eliminated. Do the marvellous adjuncts discredit the rest of the narrative, or does the vividness and accuracy of the narrative require us to take the marvels with the res…
670 wordsSECTION 50Foundation Op The Churches Of Galatia.
Again, it is a rule in this historian's clear and practical style, that when Paul is entering (or intending, even though unsuccessfully, to enter) a new field of missionary enter- prise, the field is defined (as in v. 4) ; and the definition usually takes the form of a Roman provincial district. This will become a…
743 wordsSECTION 51Foundation Op The Churches Of Galatia.
But why then did the historian not state this simple fact ? It lies out of his purpose and method to notice such personal details. He states in the briefest possible form the essential facts of the evangelisation of the world ; and everything else he passes over as of ephemeral nature. We are dealing with a first …
731 wordsSECTION 52Foundation Op The Churches Of Galatia.
Now, in some constitutions malaria fever tends to recur g6 Foundation of the Churches of Galatia. Chap. V in very distressing and prostrating paroxysms, whenever one's energies are taxed for a great effort. Such an attack is for the time absolutely incapacitating : the sufferer can only lie and feel himself a shak…
651 wordsSECTION 53Foundation Op The Churches Of Galatia.
3.THE SYNAGOGUE IN PISIDIAN ANTIOCH. (XIII 13) JOHN DEPARTED FROM THEM AND RETURNED TO JERU- SALEM ; (14) BUT THEY WENT ACROSS FROM PERGA AND ARRIVED AT PISIDIAN ANTIOCH. AND THEY WENT INTO THE SYNAGOGUE ON THE SABBATH DAY, AND SAT DOWN ; (15) AND AFTER THE READING OF THE LAW AND THE PROPHETS, THE ARCHISYNAGOGOI …
713 wordsSECTION 54Foundation Op The Churches Of Galatia.
Paul's address to the assembled Jews and proselytes was doubtless suggested by the passages, one from the Law, one from the Prophets, which were read before he was called to speak. It has been conjectured that these passages were Deut. I and Isaiah I, which in the Septuagint Version con- tain two marked words empl…
774 wordsSECTION 55Foundation Op The Churches Of Galatia.
Here we have a fact of administration and government Sec. 4. The Church at Pisidian Antioch. 103 assumed in quiet undesigned fashion : Antioch was the centre of a Region. This is the kind of allusion which affords to students of ancient literature a test of accuracy, and often a presumption of date. I think that, …
730 wordsSECTION 56Foundation Op The Churches Of Galatia.
How long a period of time is covered by v. 49 we cannot tell with certainty ; but it must be plain to every one that the estimate of the whole residence at Antioch as two to six months, is, as is elsewhere said, a minimum. It may be observed that in the Antiochian narrative a period of some weeks is passed over in…
736 wordsSECTION 57Foundation Op The Churches Of Galatia.
According to the reading of the MSS., the narrative of these incidents is obscure ; and it is hard to believe that the text is correct. In v. 1 the great success of the preach- ing is related, while in v. 2 the disaffected Jews rouse bitter feeling against the Apostles (the aorists implying that the efforts were s…
672 wordsSECTION 58Foundation Op The Churches Of Galatia.
Again, when Paul and Barnabas went from Antioch to Iconium, they were not going to a new district, but to an outlying city of the same district ; hence there is no definition of their proposed sphere of duty. They were expelled from Antioch, and they came to Iconium. The case was very different when they found it …
664 wordsSECTION 59Foundation Op The Churches Of Galatia.
1 1 2 Foundation of the Churches of Galatia. Chap. V. visit to Derbe and the long visit to Lystra. (3) In XVIII 23, as he enters the Roman Region from the " Antiochian Part," the writer uses the name which Paul would use as he was entering it, and calls it " the Galatic Region ". This is characteristic of Acts : i…
701 wordsSECTION 607. Lystra. (Xiv 8) And (8) And There Was
Accepted Text. Bezan Text. AT LYSTRA THERE SAT A THERE A CERTAIN INFIRM CERTAIN MAN IMPOTENT MAN SITTING, IMPOTENT IN IN HIS FEET, A CRIPPLE HIS FEET, WHO FROM HIS FROM HIS BIRTH, WHO BIRTH NEVER WALKED. (9) NEVER WALKED. (9) THIS THIS MAN LISTENED MAN WAS A HEARER OF GLADLY TO PAUL'S PAUL'S PREACHING, WHO, SERM…
671 wordsSource & rights
Public domain in the United States; historical edition scan/OCR from Internet Archive.
Project Gutenberg source record →
Historical Christian writing; not Scripture.