When they saw (dtav é3ewpovv). More accurately as Rev., whenever they beheld. The imperfect tense denotes a repeated act. The dy in érav gives an indefinite force: as often as they might see him.
12. He charged (éveriua). The word is commonly rendered rebuke in the New Testament. In classical Greek its predom- inant sense is that of severe, strenuous reproach for unworthy deeds or acts. It is several times used in the New Testament, as here, in the sense of charge. In this sense the word carries, at bottom, a suggestion of a charge under penalty (Tu).
That (va). According to the A. V. and Rev. the that indi- cates the substance of Christ’s charge. Properly, however, it indicates the éntent of his charge. He charged them 7 order that they should not make him known.
13. Whom he would (ods 79eXev avros). Rev., more strictly, “whom he hemself would ;” not allowing any to offer them- selves for special work. Out of the larger number thus called he selected twelve. See ver. 14.
14. Ordained (érroincev). Lit., made. Rev., appointed.
Might send them forth (amocréAny). As apostles. Com- pare the kindred noun aoarono1, apostles.
Cu. IIL] MARK. Were
15. To have power (éyew é£ouclav). Note that he does not say to preach and to cast out, but to preach and to have author- ety to cast out. The power of preaching and the power of ex- orcising were so different that special mention is made of the divine authority with which they would need to be clothed. The power of driving out demons was given that they might apply it in confirmation of their teaching. Compare xvi. 20.
16. And Simon he surnamed Peter. Mark relates only his naming and not his appointment, leaving his appointment to be understood.
17. Although Mark mentions that the apostles were sent out in pairs (vi. 7), he does not classify them here in pairs. But he alone throws Peter and James and John, the three who shared the Lord’s particular intimacy, into one group. Matthew and Luke both introduce Andrew between Peter and James.
He surnamed them Boanerges (é7é9nxev abtois dvoya Boavnpyés). Lit., he put upon them the name. Some uncer- tainty attaches to both the origin and the application of the name. Most of the best texts read dvduara, names, instead of name. ‘This would indicate that each of the two was surnamed a “son of thunder.” Some, however, have claimed that it was a dual name given to them as a pair, as the name Déoscuri was given to Castor and Pollux. The reason of its bestowal we do not know. It seems to have been intended as a title of honor, though not perpetuated like the surname Peter, this being the only instance of its ocenrrence; possibly because the incon- venience of a common surname, which would not have suffi- ciently designated which of them was intended, may have hin- dered it from ever growing into an appellation. It is justified by the impetuosity and zeal which characterized both the brothers, which prompted them to suggest the calling of fire from heaven to consume the inhospitable Samaritan village (Luke ix. 54); which marked James as the victim of an early
martyrdom (Acts xii. 2); and which sounds in the thunders of John’s Apocalypse. The Greek Church calls John Bpovrédwvos, 12
178 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Cu. IIT.
the thunder-voiced.. The phrase, sons of, is a familiar Hebrew idiom, in which the distinguishing characteristic of the indi- vidual or thing named is regarded as his parent. Thus sparks are sons of fire (Job v.71); threshed corn is son of the floor (Isa. xxi. 10). Compare son of perdition (John xvii. 12); sons of disobedience (Eph. ii. 2; v. 6).
18. Andrew (AvSpéav). A name of Greek origin though in use among the Jews, from avyp, man, and signifying manly. He was one of the two who came earliest to Christ (Matt. iv. 18, 20; compare John i. 40, 41); and hence is always styled by the Greek fathers mpwrdxAntos, first called.