CHARTER LY, 1. Again. He had taught there before. See ili. 7-9. In the sea. Mark only.
There was gathered (cuvvayera). The A. V. misses Mark’s graphic use of the present, “ There 2s gathered.” So Rev.
Cu. IV.] MARK. 181
7. Choked (cvvérvéay). The preposition, vv = con (to- gether), carries the idea of com-pression.
It yielded no fruit. Added by Mark.
§. That sprang up and increased (dvaBaivovta Kat avéav- éuevov). The Rev. literally renders the participles, growing up and increasing, thus describing the process more vividly. These two participles, moreover, explain the use of the imperfect tense édSov (yielded), denoting continuance. It began to yield and kept yielding as it increased.
Thirty (eis tpedxovta). Lit., wp to therty. 10. When he was alone. Mark only.
They that were about him with the twelve. Mark only. Matthew and Luke, the disciples.
11. Unto them that are without (éxeivous tots Ew). The two latter words are peculiar to Mark. The phrase means those outside of our circle. Its sense is always determined by the contrast to it. Thus, 1 Cor. v. 12, 13, it is non-Christians in contrast with me. Col. iv. 5, Christians contrasted with people of the world. Compare 1 Thess. iv. 12; 1 Tins iit. — Mat- thew (xiii. 11), with less precision, uses simply éxeivots (to them), the pronoun of remote reference. Luke viti. 10, rots Aowtrots (¢0 the rest).
13. Peculiar to Mark.
Parables (tas mapaBonras). The parables, which I have spoken or may hereafter speak.
14. The sower soweth the word. More precise than either Matthew or Luke. Compare Matt. xiii. 19; Luke viii. 11.
19. The lusts of other things entering in (ai epi ta Aowrad eriJvuta). Lusts, not in the limited sense of mere
182 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Cu. IV.
sexual desire, but in the general sense of longing. The word is also used of desire for good and lawful things (Luke xxii. 15; Philip. i. 23).
20. Such as. A good rendering of the pronoun ofwes, which indicates the class of hearers.
21. A candle (6 Avxvos). Properly, the lamp, as Rev.
Brought (&pyera). Lit., cometh. Doth the lamp come? This impersonation or investing the lamp with motion is ac- cording to Mark’s lively mode of narrative, as is the throwing of the passage into the interrogative form. Compare Luke viii. 16. Zhe lamp: the article indicating a familar household implement. So also “the bed” and “ the stand.”
Bushel (d8vov). The Latin modius. One of Mark’s Latin words. See on Matt. v.15. The modius was nearer a peck than a bushel.
Bed («Advnv). A couch for reclining at table.
Candlestick (Avyviav). Rev., correctly, stand ; i.e., lamp- stand. See on Matt. v. 15.
22. Which shall not be manifested (éav pu) iva havepwIh). The A. V. makes Christ say that every hidden thing shall be revealed. This is wrong. He says that things are hidden am order that they may be manifested. Concealment is a means to revelation.
96-29. Tue PARABLE OF THE SEED GROWING SECRETLY. Pe- culiar to Mark.
26. Should cast (@aAm). Lit., showld have cast, the aorist tense, followed by the presents sleep and rise (kaJevdn and éyeipntar). The whole, literally, “ As if a man showld have cast seed into the ground, and should be sleeping and rising night
Cu. IV.] MARK. 183
and day.” The aorist tense indicates the single act of casting ; ~ the presents the repeated, continued sleeping and rising while the seed is growing.
Seed (rv omdpov). The seed; that particular seed which he had to sow. Such is the force of the article.
27. Grow (unkivntas). Lit., lengthen; be extended by the seed lengthening ont into blade and stalk.
He knoweth not how (ds ov« oldev adrés). The Greek order is very lively: how knoweth not he.
28, Of herself (adtouarn). Lit., self-acting. It occurs in only one other passage of the New Testament, Acts xii. 10; of the city gate which opened to Peter of its own accord.