6. Behold (Sewpetre). See on ch. x. 18.
Thrown down. See on Mark xiii. 2. 27
418 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. XXI. 8, Deceived. Rev., rightly, led astray. See on Matt. xxiv. 4. In my name. See on Matt. xviii. 5.
9. Commotions (dxatactacias). From a, not, and kad- lornu, to establish. Hence disestablishments; unsettlements. Rev., twmults.
Be not terrified (4%) wrondfre). Only here and ch. xxiv. 37. By and by (evJéws). Better as Rev., emmediately. 11. Earthquakes. See on Matt. xiii. 8.
Famines and pestilences (Acuot xai Aowuol). Some texts reverse the order of the words. A paronomasia or combination of like-sounding words: limoz, loimot. Especially common in Paul’s epistles.
Fearful sights (fo@ntpa). Only here in New Testament, and rare in classical Greek. In Septuagint, Isa. xix. 17. Not confined to seghts, but fearful thangs. Rev., better, ¢errors. Used in medical language by Hippocrates, of fearful objects im- agined by the sick.
13. It shall turn (amoByjcera:). Lit., turn out; issue. 14. To answer. See on answer, 1 Pet. iii. 15.
19. Possess ye (xtjcecde). Wrong. See on ch. xviii. 12. Rev. rightly, ye shall win.
20-86. Compare Matt. xxiv. 15-42. Mark xiii. 14-37.
22. Vengeance (éxdcxjoews). Of rendering full justice, or satisfaction. See on avenge, ch. xviii. 3.
23. Distress (avdyxn). Originally constraint, necessity ; thence force or veolence, and in the classical poets, distress, anguish.
Ca cx LUKE. 419
24. Edge (oropare). Lit., the mouth. So Wye. Either in the sense of the foremost part, or picturing the sword as a de- vouring monster. In Heb. xi. 33, 34, the word is used in both senses: “the mouths of lions;” “the edge of the sword.”
Led away captive. See on captives, ch. iv. 18.
Trodden down. Denoting the oppression and contempt which shall follow conquest.
25. Signs (onueia). See on Matt. xxiv. 24.
Distress (cuvoyy). Only here and 2 Cor. ii. 4. Kindred with cuveyouévn, taken (ch. iv. 88), on which see note. The original idea of the word is being held in a tight grasp.
With perplexity, the sea and the waves roaring. The A. V. follows the reading #yotvens, the participle, roaring. The proper reading is jyots, the noun, the roaring. Render per- plexity for the roaring of the sea, ete. ’"Hyo, roaring, is properly a returned sound, an echo. Generally a ringing sound, as of the blows on an anvil.
Waves (cdnov). Only herein New Testament. The radical notion of the word is wnsteady motion, especially the rolling swell of the sea. Rey., better, b2d/ows.
26. Failing (drovyovtwv). Only here in New Testament. The word originally means to leave off breathing ; to swoon. Thus Homer, when Laertes recognizes Ulysses:
“He threw Round his dear son his arms. The hardy chief, Ulysses, drew him fainting (amopixovra) to his heart.” Odyssey, xxiv., 346.
So also Sophocles, of Hector dragged behind Achilles’ chariot:
“ He breathed out his life (amépukev Blov). Ajax, 1031.
420 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cm XXE
Matthew alone uses the simple verb, puye, to breathe or blow. See on wax cold, Matt. xxiv. 12. Luke uses four compounds of this simple verb, all of which are peculiar to him. Compare cool, ch. xvi. 24; refreshing, Acts 1.19; gave up the ghost, Acts v. 5, 10.
Expectation (pocdoxias). Only here and Acts xii. 11. The world. See on ch. ii. 1.
Shall be shaken (carevIjcovtat). Compare Matt. xi. 7; Luke vi. 88; Acts iv. 81; Heb. xii. 26, 27. The root of the verb is the same as that of bzdlows, ver. 25.
28. Look up. See on ch. xiii. 11. Graphic, as implying being previously bowed down with sorrow.
Redemption (droAvtpwats). See on lettest depart, ch. ii. 29. 29. Parable. See on Matt. xxiv. 32.
30. Ve see (Rrérrovtes). Lit., “looking, ye know,” ete. Im- plying careful observation, with a view to determine the progress of the season.