Man believeth (screveras). The verb is used impersonally. Lit., it 2s believed. Believing takes place.
Confession is made (oyoroyeirav). Also impersonal. Jt és confessed. ‘Confession is just faith turned from its obverse side to its reverse. . . . When faith comes forth from its silence to announce itself, and to proclaim the glory and the grace of the Lord, its voice is confession ” (Morison).
11. The scripture saith. The quotation from Isa. xxviii. 16 is repeated (see ch. ix. 33) with the addition of everyone, who SOLVED.
12. For. Explaining the whosoever of ver. 11. Difference. Better, as Rev., distinction. See on iii. 22.
Jew and Greek. On Greek, see on Acts vi.1. Greeks here equivalent to Gentiles.
Lord («vpsos). See on Matt. xxi. 3. The reference is dis- puted: some Christ, others God. Probably Christ. See ver. 9, and compare Acts x. 36. The hearing which is necessary to
116 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. X.
believing comes through the word of Christ (ver. 17, where the reading is Christ instead of God).
That call upon (ézcxadoupévous). See on appeal, Acts xxv. 11; Jas. ii. 7. That invoke Him as Lord: recalling vv. 9, 10. Compare Joel i. 32.
15. Be sent (dmocrad@ow). See on Matt. x. 16; Mark iv. 29.
Beautiful (@paior). From opa the time of full bloom or de- velopment. Hence the radical idea of the word includes both blooming maturity and vigor. Appropriate here to the swift, vigorous feet. Plato (‘‘ Republic,” x., 601) distinguishes be- tween faces that are beautiful (kad@v) and blooming (@paiwv). In Gen. ii. 9 (Sept.) of the trees of Eden. Compare Matt. xxi. 27 >) Acta in. 2, 10)
Feet. Emphasizing the rapid approach of the messenger. “Jn their running and hastening, in their scaling obstructing mountains, and in their appearance and descent from mount- ains, they are the symbols of the earnestly-desired, winged movement and appearance of the Gospel itself” (Lange). Compare Nahum i. 15; Eph. vi. 15; Rom. iii. 15; Acts v. 9. Paul omits the mountains from the citation. Omit that preach the gospel of peace.
Bring glad tidings. See on Gospel, Matthew, superscrip-
tion.
16. Obeyed (imnxovoav). See on obedience and disobedi- ence, ch. v.19. Also on Acts v. 29. Obeyed as the result of listening, and so especially appropriate here. Compare heard and fear, ver. 14. For the same reason hearken (Rev.) is bet- ter than obeyed.
Report (dof). Lit., hearing. Similarly, Matt. xiv. 1 : Mark xiii. 7. Compare the phrase word of hearing, 1 Thess. ii. 13; Heb. iv. 2 (Rev.) ; and hearing of faith, 1.e., message of faith, Gal. iii. 2.
17. By hearing (é& dxofs). The same word ag report, above, and in the same sense, that which is heard.
Cu. X.] THE EPISTLE TO THE ROMANS. 117
Word of God (f7partos Ocod). The best texts read of Christ. Probably not the Gospel, but Christ’s word of command or com- mssion to its preachers; thus taking up except they be sent (ver. 15), and emphasizing the authority of the message. Belief comes through the message, and the message through the com- mand of Christ.
18. Did they not hear? (ui ov xovcav), A negative answer is implied by the interrogative particle. ‘Surely it is not true that they did not hear.”
Sound (¢3oyyos). Only here and 1 Cor. xiv. 7, on which see note. Paul uses the Septuagint translation of Ps. xix. 4, where the Hebrew line or plummet-line (others musical chord) is rendered sound. The voice of the gospel message is like that of the starry sky proclaiming God’s glory to all the earth. The Septuagint sownd seems to be a free rendering in order to secure parallelism with words.*
Of the world (ris olxovupévns). See on Luke ii. 1; John 1.9;
19. Did Israel not know ? As in ver. 18, a negative an- swer is implied. “It is surely not true that Israel did not know.” Did not know what? That the Gospel should go forth into all the earth. Moses and Isaiah had prophesied the conversion of the Gentiles, and Isaiah the opposition of the Jews thereto.