First Moses. First in order; the first who wrote.
I will provoke you to jealousy (éyo wapafpr\wow das). From Deut. xxxii. 21. See Rom. xi. 11, 14; 1 Cor. x. 22.
* It is not easy to draw the distinction between this and certain other words for vocal utterances. The earlier distinction seems to have been that pddyyos was used as distinguished from the voice (pwr) as a physical power. Hence oSéyyos would describe the manifold quality of the voice. So Thucydides, vii., 71. ‘‘In the Athenian army one might hear lamentation, shouting, cries of victory or defeat, and all the various sounds which a great host in great danger would be compelled to utter (o8éyyeodat).” Thus it is sound from the stand-point of the hearer rather than of the speaker or singer. Plato distinguishes ¢3éyyo as swift or slow, sharp or flat, etc. (‘‘ Timaeus,” 80). It is used of musical sounds,
118 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. X.
Used only by Paul. The Septuagint has them instead of you.
By them that are no people (ém ov« édvec). Lit., upon a no-people. The relation expressed by the preposition is that of the no-people as forming the baszs of the jealousy. The prediction is that Israel shall be conquered by an appar- ently inferior people. WVo-people as related to God’s heri- tage, not that the Gentiles were inferior or insignificant in themselves. For people render nation, as Rev. See on 1 Pet. ii. 9.
By a foolish nation (él Ives dovvér@). Lit., wpon a fool- ish nation as the basis of the exasperation. For foolish, see on chad, ZL:
| will anger (arapopyio). Or provoke to anger. The force of the compounded preposition apd in this verb and in trapa- fproow provoke to jealousy, seems to be driving to the side of something which by contact or comparison excites jealousy or anger.
20. Is very bold (dzrotoAwa). Only here in the New Testa- ment. Plato, ‘ Laws,” 701, uses it of liberty as too preswmpt- uous (amoteToApnuévns). The force of the preposition is in- tensive, or possibly pointing to him from whom the action proceeds ; bold of Aimse/f. The simple verb means primarily to dare, and implies the manifestation of that boldness or con- fidence of character which is expressed by Jappéw. See 2 Cor. WerO.1 0 +) Vile 16 < ex... note.
Saith. Isa. lxv. 1. Following the Septuagint, with the in- version of the first two clauses. Hebrew: “I have offered to give answers to those who asked not. I have put my- self in the way of those who sought me not. I have spread out my hand all the day to a refractory people.” The idea in the Hebrew is, “I have endeavored to be sought and found.” Compare the clause omitted in Paul’s quotation: “I have said ‘ Here am I’ toa people who did not call upon my name.”
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21. Disobedient—gainsaying (dmeJodv7a — avtidéyovTa). See on John iii. 36; Jude 11. Disobedience is the manifesta- tion of the refractoriness expressed in gainsaying. Some ex- plain gainsaying as contradicting. Compare Luke xiii. 24, 35.