1. As workers together with Him (cuvepyodrtes). Lit., working together. With Him is implied in the compounded civ with. That it refers to God, not to the fellow-Christians, is evident from the parallel 1 Cor. iii. 9, laborers together with God, and because the act of exhortation or entreaty in which the fellowship is exhibited is ascribed to God in ch. v. 20. The phrase @cod rdpedpor assessors of God, occurs in Ignatius’ letter to Polycarp. Compare Mark xvi. 20.
In vain (eis xevov). Lit., ¢o what is vain. Equivalent to the phrase zo no purpose.
2. He saith, etc. From Isa. xlix. 8, after Septuagint. The Hebrew is: “ Jn the time of favor I answer thee, and in the day of salvation I succor thee.” ‘The words are addressed to the servant of Jehovah, promising to invest him with spiritual power, that he may be a light to Israel and to others. Paul, taking the words in their messianic sense, urges that now is the time when God thus dispenses His favor to Christ, and through Him to men. The application turns on the words ac- ceptable tume ; a time in which God receives. As He receives, receive ye Him.
The accepted time (xavpos edrpdodextos). Rev., accept- able. Paul uses for the simple adjective of the Septuagint a compound “ wedd-received,” which is stronger, and which occurs mostly in his own writings. See Rom. xv. 16, 31; 1 Pet. ii. 5; and compare acceptable year, Luke iv. 19.
3. Ministry. Rev., ménistration. See on Rom. xii. 7.
Blamed (“aunI7). Only here and ch. viii. 20. The kind- red papos blemish, is found 2 Pet. ii. 13, and in the Septuagint
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of bodily defects. Similarly the Septuagint duwpos spotless, without bodily defect ; and, in the moral sense, 1 Pet. i. 19, ap- plied to Christ. Compare Heb. ix. 14; Eph. v. 27; Jude 24.
4. Necessities (avdyxais). See on 1 Cor. vii. 26. Distresses (ctevoywpiais). See on Rom. ii. 9. 5. Imprisonments (¢uAaxais). See on Acts v. 21.
Tumults (axatactacéas). See on Luke xxi. 9, and com- pare axatdotatos unstable, Jas. i. 8. This is one of the words which show the influence of political changes. From the original meaning of wnsettledness, it developed, through the complica- tions in Greece and in the East after the death of Alexander, into the sense which it has in Luke—political instability. One of the Greek translators of the Old Testament uses it in the sense of dread or anwious care.
Watchings (aypu7viais). Only here and ch. xi. 27. See on the kindred verb, Mark xiii. 33. For the historical facts, see Acts xvi. 25; xx. 7-11, 31; 2 Thess. iii. 8.
Fastings (vyjcretass). Mostly of voluntary fasting, as Matt. xvii. 21; Acts xiv. 23; but voluntary fasting would be out of place in an enumeration of hardships.
7. Right—left. Right-hand and left-hand weapons. Of- fensive, as the sword, in the right hand, defensive, as the shield, in the left.
8. Deceivers. See ch.ii.17; iv. 2. The opinions concern- ing Paul as a deceiver are mirrored in the Clementine Homilies and Recognitions, spurious writings, ascribed to Clement of Rome, but emanating from the Ebionites, a Judaizing sect, in the latter half of the second century. In these Paul is covertly attacked, though his name is passed over in silence. His glory as the apostle to the Gentiles is passed over to Peter. The readers are warned, in the person of Peter, to beware of any teacher who does not conform to the standard of James, and come with witnesses (compare 2 Cor. iii. 1; v.12; x. 12-18). Paul is assailed under the guise of Simon Magus, and with the same words as those in this passage, decedver and unknown.
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9. Chastened. See ch. xii. 7-9, and compare Ps. cxviil 18.