92 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cu. I.
and is that the Lord’s brothers were sons of Joseph by a former wife.*
20. I lie not. Comp. Rom. ix. 1; 2 Cor. xi. 31; 1 Tim. ee 16
21. Regions (kA(uara). P°. Comp. Rom. xv. 23; 2 Cor. xi. 10. KaAiua, originally an inelination or slope of ground: the supposed slope of the earth from the equator to the pole. The ancient geographers ran imaginary parallel lines from the equator toward the pole, and the spaces or zones or regions between these lines, viewed in their slope or inclina- tion toward the pole, were «Aiuata. The word came to sig- nify the temperature of these zones, hence our climate. In Chaucer’s treatise on the Astrolabe, chapter xxxix. is headed “Descripcion of the Meridional Lyne, of Longitudes and Latitudes of Citees and Townes from on to a-nother of Cly- matz.” He says: “The longitude of a clymat is a lyne imagined fro est to west, y-lyke distant by-twene them alle. The latitude of a clymat is a lyne imagined fro north to south the space of the erthe, fro the byginning of the firste clymat unto the verrey ende of the same clymat, even directe agayns the pole artik.” In poetical language, “climes” is used for regions of the earth, as Milton:
‘‘ Whatever clime the sun’s bright circle warms.’’
Syria and Cilicia. Syria, in the narrower sense, of the district of which Antioch was the capital: not the whole Roman province of Syria, including Galilee and Judaea. Matt. iv. 24; L.ii. 2; Acts xx. 38. This district was the scene of Paul’s first apostolic work among the Gentiles. Cilicia was the southeasterly province of Asia Minor, directly adjoining Syria, from which it was separated by Mt. Pierius and the range of Amanus. It was bordered by the Mediter-
* The reader who is curious about the matter may consult J. B. Mayor, The Epistle of St. James, ch. I. He holds the Helvidian theory. Also J. B. Lightfoot, St. Paul’s Epistle to the Galatians, essay on ‘‘The Brethren of the Lord.’? He holds the Epiphanian theory.
Cu. II] THE EPISTLE TO THE GALATIANS. 93
ranean on the south. It was Paul’s native province, and its capital was Tarsus, Paul’s birthplace.
22. Was unknown (7unv ayvootvuevos). Better, was still unknown, the imperfect denoting that he remained unknown during his stay in Syria and Cilicia.
Of Judaea. The province, as distinguished from Jerusa- lem, where he must have been known as the persecutor of the church. See Acts ix. 1, 2.
Which were in Christ. See on 1 Th. ii. 14.
23. They had heard (axovovtes 7cav). Correlative with Iwas unknown, ver. 22. Note the periphrasis of the parti- ciple with the substantive verb, expressing duration. They were hearing all the time that I was thus unknown to them in person.
The faith. See on Acts vi. 7, and comp. 2 Th. iii. 2. The subjective conception of faith as trustful and assured accept- ance of Jesus Christ as Saviour, tends to become objective, so that the subjective principle is sometimes regarded objec- tively. This is very striking in the Pastoral Epistles.
24. In me. The sense is different from that in ver. 16, see note. Here the meaning is that they glorified God as the author and source of what they saw in me.