Another gospel (érepov). Rather a different, another sort of gospel. See on Matt. vi. 24; L. xvi. 7; xviii. 10. In illustration of the difference between ddXos another and érepos different, see 1 Cor. xii. 8-10; xv. 40; 2 Cor. xi. 4; Rom. vui. 23
7. Another (adA0). <A different gospel is not another gospel. There is but one gospel.
But (ef uw). Rev. only. As if he had said, “ there is no other gospel, but there are some who trouble you with a different kind of teaching which they offer as a gospel.”
Some that trouble (of rapdccorres). The article with the participle marks these persons as characteristically trouble- some —the troublers. Comp. L. xviii. 9, of those who were characteristically self-righteous. For trouble in the sense of disturbing faith and unsettling principle, see Gal. v. 10; Acts xv. 24. Not necessarily, as Lightfoot, raising seditions.
8. We. See on 1 Th. i. 2.
86 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. (Cx. L
Angel from heaven (dyyeros é& ovpavod). The phrase only here. “Angels in heaven or the heavens,” Matt. xxii. 30; Mk. xii. 25; xiii. 82. “Angels of the heavens,” Matt. xxiv. 36.
Other than that (7rap’ 5). Roman Catholic interpreters insist that wap’ should be rendered contrary to, though the Vulg. gives praeterquam besides. .Some Protestant inter- preters insist on besides as being against supplementing the gospel with traditions. The explanation is found in the pre- vious words, a different gospel. Any gospel which is different from the one gospel, is both beside and contrary to.
Accursed (avddeua). See on Rom. ix. 3, and offerings, L. xxi. 5. Comp. «ardpa curse, and émtxatdpatos cursed, Gal. iii. 18. In LXX always curse, except Lev. xxvii. 28, and the apocryphal books, where it is always gift or offering. By Paul always curse: see Rom. ix. 8; 1 Cor. xii. 8; xvi. 22. The sense of excommunication, introduced by patristic writers, does not appear in N. T.
9. As we said before (as mpoepjxayev). Comp. 2 Cor. xiii. 2; Philip. iii. 18. Not to be referred to the preceding verse, since the compound verb would be too strong, and ‘now in the following clause points to an earlier time, a previous vist, Comp. Gal. v.21; 2 Corovilii8: xii: doth ayso,
10. For do | now persuade (dpte yap—elOw). For introduces a justification of the severe language just used. The emphasis is on now, which answers to now in ver. 9. I have been charged with conciliating men. Does this anath- ema of mine look like it? Is it a time for conciliatory words now, when Judaising emissaries are troubling you (ver. 7) and persuading you to forsake the true gospel? Persuade signifies coneiliate, seek to win over.
Or God. Perswade or conciliate God is an awkward phrase ; but the expression is condensed, and persuade is carried for-
Cu. I] THE EPISTLE TO THE GALATIANS. 87
ward from the previous clause. This is not uncommon in Paul’s style: See Philem. 5; Eph. i. 15; Philip. ii. 6, where popdr form, applied to God, is probably the result of popday SovAov form of a servant (ver. 7) on which the main stress of the thought hes.
11. | certify (yrwpifw). Or, I make known. Certify, even in older English, is to assure or attest, which is too strong for yvapifew to make known or declare. This, which in the N. T. is the universal meaning of yvwpéfev, and the pre- vailing sense in LXX, is extremely rare in Class., where the usual sense is to become acquainted with. For the formula see onelehiiv.-13.
After man (kata avOpwrov). According to any human standard. ‘The phrase only in Paul. See Rom. iii. 5; 1 Cor. iii. 3; ix. 8; xv. 382. Kara dvOperovs according to men, 1 Pet. iv. 6.
12. Of man (capa avOpérov). Better, from man. Tapa from emphasises the idea of transmission, and marks the con- nection between giver and receiver. Comp. 1 Th. ii. 18; iv. 1; 2 Tim. iii. 14; Acts x. 22. In the Gospels and Acts TraparapPavev usually means to take, in the sense of causing to accompany, as Matt. iv. 5; xvii. 1; Mk. iv. 36, ete. Scarcely ever in the sense of receive: see Mk. vii. 4. In Paul only in the sense of receive, and only with apa, with the single exception of 1 Cor. xi. 23 (ao). The simple Aap Save usually with rapa, but with ao, 1 J. ii. 27; ili. 22.