90 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Ca I.
Immediately (evOéws). Connect only with I conferred not, etc. Not with the whole sentence down to Arabia. Paul is emphasising the fact that he did not receive his commission from men. As soon as God revealed his Son in me, I threw aside all human counsel.
Conferred (apocavéfeunv). P°. and only in Galatians. Rare in Class. The verb avar:@évac means to lay upon ; hence intrust to. Middle voice, to intrust one’s self to; to impart or communicate to another. The compounded preposition mpos implies more than direction; rather communication or relation with, according to a frequent use of mpds. The whole com- pound then, is to put one’s self into communication with. Wet- stein gives an example from Diodorus, De Alexandro, xvii. 116, where the word is used of consulting soothsayers.
Flesh and blood. Always in N. T. with a suggestion of human weakness or ignorance. See Matt. xvi. 17; 1 Cor. xv. 50; Eph. vi. 12.
17. Went l up (av7AGov). Comp. ver. 18. Only in this chapter, and J. vi. 3. More commonly dvaBaivev, often of the journey to Jerusalem, probably in the conventional sense in which Englishmen speak of going wp to London, no matter - from what point. See Matt. xx. 17; Mk. x. 32; J. ii. 18; Acts xi. 2. In Acts xviii. 22 the verb is used absolutely of going to Jerusalem. ‘The reading arfAOov I went away has strong support, and is adopted by Weiss. In that case the meaning would be went away to Jerusalem from where I then was.
Apostles before me. In point of seniority. Comp. Rom. 2 ae.
Arabia. It is entirely impossible to decide what Paul means by this term, since the word was so loosely used and so variously applied. Many think the Sinaitic peninsula is meant (Stanley, Farrar, Matheson, Lightfoot). Others, the
Cu. I] THE EPISTLE TO THE GALATIANS. 91
district of Auranitis near Damascus (Lipsius, Conybeare and Howson, Lewin, McGiffert). Others again the district of Arabia Petraea. -
18. To see (icropfoa). N.T.% 1. To inquire into: 2. to find out by inquiring: 38. to gain knowledge by visiting ; to become personally acquainted with. In LXX, only 1 Esd. i. 83, 42, to relate, to record. Often in Class. The word here indicates that Paul went, not to obtain instruction, but to form acquaintance with Peter.
Cephas. See on Matt. xvi. 18; J. i. 42; 1 Cor. i. 12.
19. Save James (ei uw). With the usual exceptive sense. I saw none save James. Not, I saw none other of the apos- tles, but I saw James. James is counted as an apostle, though not reckoned among the twelve. For Paul’s use of “apostle,” see on 1 Th. i. 1, and comp. 1 Cor. xv. 4-7.
The Lord’s brother. Added in order to distinguish him from James the son of Zebedee (Matt. iv. 21; x. 2; Mk. x. 35), who was still living, and from James the son of Alphaeus (Matt. x. 3).* The Lord’s brother means that James was a son of Joseph and Mary. ‘This view is known as the Helvid- ian theory, from Helvidius, a layman of Rome, who wrote, about 880, a book against mariolatry and ascetic celibacy. The explanations which differ from that of Helvidius have grown, largely, out of the desire to maintain the perpetual virginity of Mary. Jerome has given his name to a theory known as the Hieronymian, put forth in reply to Helvidius, about 383, according to which the brethren of the Lord were the sons of his mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Alphaeus or Clopas, and therefore Jesus’ cousins. A third view bears the name of Epiphanius, Bishop of Salamis in Cyprus (0d. 404),
* See Introduction to the Catholic Epistles, Vol. I., p. 615f., and J. B. Mayor, The Epistle of St. James, XXXVI.-XLI.