B. Weiss, Hinleitung in das Neue Testament. Transl. by David- son, 1886.
G. Salmon, A Historical Introduction to the Study of the New Testament.
F. Godet, Introduction au Nouveau Testament, Pt. I. Transl. by Affleck, 1893.
W. M. Ramsay, The Church in the Roman Empire before A.D. 170, 1893.
J. E. Huther in Meyer’s Commentary, 1875.
199
H. Wace, in Speaker’s Commentary.
G. G. Findlay, Appendix to Transl. of Sabatier’s L’Apétre Paul, 1891.
F. W. Farrar, Life and Work of St. Paul, Vol. II., Excursus IX., 1879.
P. J. Gloag, Introduction to the Pauline Epistles, 1874.
Theo. Zahn, Hinlettung in das Neue Testament, 1897.
Rud. Steinmetz, Die zweite rdmische Gefangenschaft des Apostels Paulus, 1897.
J. Vernon Bartlett, The Apostolic Age, 1899.
COMMENTARIES. ENGLISH.
J. E. Huther, in Meyer’s Commentary. Transl.
C. J. Ellicott, A Critical and Grammatical Commentary on the Pastoral Hpistles.
H. Wace, Speaker’s Commentary.
P. Fairbairn, The Pastoral Epistles, Greek Text and Transl.
B. Weiss, Meyer’s Commentary, 1885. Published separately.
H. J. Holtzmann, Die Pustoralbriefe.
H. von Soden, Hand-Commentar, Vol. III.
H. Koelling, Der erste Brief Pauli an Timotheus.
K. Knoke, Praktisch-theologischer Kommentar zu den Pastoral- briefen des Apostels Paulus.
1. An apostle of Jesus Christ. This title appears in the salutations of Romans, Ist and 2d Corinthians, Galatians, Ephesians, Colossians. In Philippians, Paul and Timothy the servants of Jesus Christ. Philemon a prisoner. This formal announcement of apostleship is strange in a private letter.
By the commandment of God (ka7’ émitaynv Oe00). The phrase in Rom. xvi. 26. Kar émitayhv absolutely, by com- mandment, 1 Cor. vii. 6; 2 Cor, viii. 8. Paul uses d:a Oer7- patos Geod by the will of God. See 1 Cor. i. 1; 2 Cor. i. 1; Eonrieus Col iaet. Comper. Line.i. 1.
Our Saviour (cwrhpos yuav). Comp. L. i. 47; Jude 25. °P. Six times in the Pastorals. Used of both God and Christ (see Tit. i. 8,4; ii. 10,18; iii. 4,6). The saving of men appears as God’s direct will and act, 1 Tim. ii. 4; Tit. iii. 5; 2 Tim. i. 9: as Christ’s work, 1 Tim. i. 15, comp. 2 Tim. ii. 10. In LXX cornp occurs twenty times, and in all but two instances, of God.
Jesus Christ which is our hope. The phrase is unique in N. T. Comp. Col. i. 27, where, however, the construc- tion is doubtful. ’EAmls hope is predicated of Christ by Ignatius, Hph. xxi; Philad. v. The salutation as a whole
has no parallel in Paul. 201
202 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Ca. L
2. My own son in the faith (yunol@ téxvm év wioTel). More correctly, “‘my true child in faith.” Comp. Tit. 1. 4. With these two exceptions, téxvov or vies év wiote: does not occur in N. T. ’Ev wiore or tm wiotes is not common in Paul; séé 1 Cor, xvis, 153 2 Cor. yi. J; xu. 53 Gal. a: 20; 2 Th. ii. 18. In the Pastorals, nine times. In Paul joined with pp to live, eivar to be, otnxew to stand, BeBasovo- Oat to be established. For yvnotos true, see 2 Cor. viii. 8; Philip. ii. 20; iv. 8. It means natural, by birth-relation, therefore true or genuine.
Mercy (éAcos). This addition to the usual form of salu- tation is peculiar to the Pastorals.
3. Even as (xaos). An awkward construction, there being nothing to answer to cafas.
To abide (apocpeivar). To continue on. The compound does not occur in Paul, but is found in Acts xi. 23; xiii. 43; pqig ita com
When | went (cropevdyevos). Better, was going, or was on my way. ‘The participle cannot refer to Timothy.
Might’st charge (arapayyeiAys). See on Actsi. 4. Very common in Luke and Acts, but not in Paul. In 1st Timo- thy alone five times.
Some (tclv). Note the indefinite designation of the errorists, and comp. ver. 6; iv. 1; v. 15, 24; vi. 21. The expression is contemptuous. It is assumed that Timothy knows who they are. This is after the Pauline manner. See’ Gal. i. 73 a1, 125ed Corsive18 3 xy. 12; 2° Cora. 1; Col. ii. 4, 8.