5. The end of the commandment (rédos rijs mapayyen- fas). The article with “commandment” points back to
Cx. I.] THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. 205
might st charge, ver. 3. Rend. therefore, of the charge. Tédos end, aim, that which the charge contemplates.
Love (ayd7n). See on Gal. v. 22. The questionings, on the contrary, engendered strifes (2 Tim. ii. 23). Love to men is meant, as commonly in N. T. when the word is used absolutely. See Rom. xiii. 10.
Out of a pure heart (é« xalapas xapdias). Comp. L. x. 27, * Thou shalt love the Lord thy God out of thy whole heart (€& 6dns xapdias cov), and im or with (év) thy whole soul,” etc. For a pure heart, comp. 2 Tim. ii. 22. Ka@apds pure in Paul only Rom. xiv. 20. The phrase a pure heart occurs, outside of the Pastorals only in 2 Pet. i. 22. For Kapdia heart see on Rom. i. 21.
A good conscience (cuverdjcews ayabjs). Comp. 2 Tim. i. 8. Luveidnows conscience is common in Paul. See on 1 Pet. iii. 16.
Faith unfeigned (ictews avuroxpirov). *AvumeKpitos unfeigned twice in Paul, Rom. xii. 9; 2 Cor. vi. 6, both times as an attribute of love. In Jas. iii. 17, it is an attri- bute of wisdom, and in 1 Pet. i. 22, of brotherly love. Notice the triad, love, conscience, faith. There is nothing un-Pauline in the association of conscience and faith, al- though, as a fact, Paul does not formally associate them. In 1 Cor. viii. 7, 10, 12, conscience is associated with knowl- edge.
6. Having swerved (acroy7jcavtes). Past®. In LXX, Sir. vii. 19; viii. 9. It means to miss the mark.
Have turned aside (éferpdmnoav). °P. Comp. 1 Tim. y. 15; vi. 20; 2 Tim. iv. 4; Heb. xii. 18.
Vain jangling (waratoroylav). N. T.° CLXX. Class. The word illustrates the writer’s fondness for unusual com:
206 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. [Cat
pounds. Jangling is an early English word from the old French jangler, comp. jongleur a teller of tales. Hence jangling is empty chatter. So Chaucer,
‘Them that jangle of love.”’ Troil. and Cress. ii. 800.
‘¢ Thus jangle they and demen and devyse.”’ Squire’s T. 260.
And Piers Ploughman,
“¢ And al day to drynken At diverse tavernes And there to jangle and jape.”’ Vision, Pass. ii. 1069.
Shakespeare, “ This their jangling I esteem a sport.”’ Mids. Night's D. iii. 2.
Wiclif, Ex. xvii. 7 (earlier version), uses jangling for wrangling. ‘“ And he clepide the name of the place Tempt- ynge for the jangling of the sons of Israel.”
7. Desiring (@éAovres). The participle is explanatory and confirmatory of the preceding statement: since they desire.
Teachers of the law (vowodiddcKxaror). °P. It occurs in L. v. 17 and Acts v. 34. Noyos is, apparently, the Mosaic law. These teachers may have been arbitrary interpreters of that law, but in what way, cannot be shown.
Understanding (voodrtes). Better, though they understand.
What they say — whereof they affirm (@ A¢yovo.w — rep} tivov diaBeBaodvvrat). The latter expression is an advance on the former, as appears not only from the verbs themselves, but from the different pronominal expressions. They know not what they say, nor what kind of things they are of which they speak so confidently. The compound SsaBeBarotc Oar to affirm, Past®°. Comp. Tit. iii. 8. The false teachers an- nounce their errors with assurance.
eg THE FIRST EPISTLE TO TIMOTHY. 207
8. Good (cadres). Comp. Rom. vii. 16. Morally excellent and salutary. SeeonJ.x.11. This is the only instance of xpacGat to use with vepos law.
Lawfully (vouiéuas). Past®?. °LXX. The nature of the proper use of the law — use according to its design — is indi- cated by the next clause.
9. Knowing (eidas). The participle is connected with ris one, a man, in the preceding clause.
Is not made (ov xeita). Lit. is not laid down, set, ap- pointed. Comp. 1 Th. iii. 8. This is the only instance of its use with veyuos law. That usage is frequent in Class. See, for instance, Thucyd. ii. 37.