Thou shalt not muzzle (0d ¢ipoces). In N. T. mostly in the metaphorical sense of putting to silence. See on speechless, Matt. xxii. 12, and put to silence, Matt. xxii. 84. Also on Mk. iv. 39. On the whole passage see note on 1 Cor. ix. 9.
That treadeth out (addowvTa). More correctly, while he is treading out. ‘The verb only here and 1 Cor. ix. 9,10. Comp. arov a threshing-floor, Matt. ii. 12; L. iii. 17. An analogy to the O. T. injunction may be found in the laws given to the Athenians by the mythical Triptolemus, one of which was, “ Hurt not the labouring beast.” Some one having violated this command by slaying a steer which was eating the sacred cake that lay upon the altar, —an expiation-feast, Bouphonia or Diipoltia was instituted for the purpose of atoning for this offence, and continued to be celebrated in Athens. Aris- tophanes refers to it (Clouds, 985). A labouring ox was led to the altar of Zeus on the Acropolis, which was strewn with wheat and barley. As soon as the ox touched the grain, he was killed by a blow from an axe. The priest who struck the blow threw away the axe and fled. The flesh of the ox was . then eaten, and the hide was stuffed and set before the plough. Then began the steer-trial before a judicial assembly in the Prytaneum, by which the axe was formally condemned to be thrown into the sea.
The labourer is worthy, etc. A second scriptural quota- tion would seem to be indicated, but there is no corresponding passage in the O. T. The words are found L. x. 7, and, with a slight variation, Matt. x. 10. Some hold that the writer adds to the O. T. citation a popular proverb, and that Christ
268 WORD STUDIES IN THE NEW TESTAMENT. ([Cu. V.
himself used the words in this way. But while different passages of Scripture are often connected in citation by «al, it is not according to N. T. usage thus to connect Scripture and proverb. Moreover, in such series of citations it is customary to use cal mddw and again, or wddwv simply. See Matt. iv. T; v. 333° 3. xii. 89; Rom. xv. 9-12; 1 Cor. ii. 20; Heb. i. 5; ii. 18. According to others, the writer here cites an utterance of Christ from oral tradition, codrdinately with the O. T. citation, as Scripture. Paul, in 1 Th. iv. 15; 1 Cor. vii. 10, appeals to a word of the Lord; and in Acts xx. 35 he is represented as quoting “it is more blessed to give than to receive” as the words of Jesus. In 1 Cor. ix, in the discussion of this passage from Deuteronomy, Paul adds (ver. 14) “even so hath the Lord ordained that they which preach the gospel should live of the gospel,” which resembles the combination here. This last is the more prob- able explanation.
19. Receive not an accusation (xarnyoplav ph wapadéyov). Neither word in Paul. For accusation see on J. v. 45. It means a formal accusation before a tribunal. The compound verb with mapa emphasises the giver or transmitter of the thing received: to receive from another.
But (exros e 7). Except. A pleonastic formula, except in case. The formula in 1 Cor. xiv. 5; xv. 2.
Before (ét). Or on the authority of. On condition that two witnesses testify. The O. T. law on this point in Deut. xix. 15. Comp. Matt. xviii. 16; J. viii. 17; 2 Cor. xiii. 1.
20. Them that sin (rods auaptdvovras). Referring to Elders, who, by reason of their public position (rpoecta@res), should receive public rebuke.
Rebuke (éreyye). Comp. 2 Tim. iv. 2; Tit. i. 9,13; ii. 15. See on reproved, J. iii. 20.
Others (0¢ Xowzrol). More correctly, the rest. His fellow- Elders.
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