sympathy. His government of them is a sort of communion with them; a receiving of their feelings and a pouring forth of his own.”
«6. External Evidence, Text, and Literature of both Epistles.— As both epistles are included not only in the Muratorian canon but in Marcion’s strictly Pauline collection (Tert. adv. Mare. v.15; Epiph., Haer. xlii, 9), they must have been known and circu- lated by the first quarter of the second century, although quotations (mainly of the eschatological sections) do not emerge till Irenzeus and Tertullian. Both Clement of Alexandria and Origen used them, and other evidence of their existence will be found in any text book of the N.T. Canon. But the so-called allusions to 1 Thess. in the earlier apostolic fathers are, for the most part, scanty and vague; e.g., of i. 5and iv. 2 in Clem., Rom. xlii. 3. Hermas, Vis. iii. 9, 10 (εἰρηνεύετε ἐν αὑτοῖς) might go back to Mark as easily as to Paul (cf. on v. 13), though there is a similarity of context, while the general correspondence of outline between iv. 14-16 and Did. xvi. 6 (revela- tion of the Lord, trumpet, resurrection) may imply no more than a common use of tradition, if not of Matt. xxiv. The use of the epistle in the correspondence of Ignatius is probable, but far from certain ; ε.σ., 1.6 in Eph. x. 3 (μιμηταὶ δὲ τοῦ Κυρίου σπουδάζωμεν εἶναι, different context) ; Π. 4 in Rom. ii. 1 (οὐ θέλω ὑμᾶς ἀνθρωπαρεσκῆσαι, ἀλλὰ Θεῷ), and v. 17 in Eph. x. 1 (ἀδιαλείπτως προσεύχεσθε, si vera lectio). There is but one parailel in Barnabas, iv. 9 = Barn. xxi. 6 (γένεσθε δὲ θεο- δίδακτοι, different context). This scarcity of allusions is not surpris- ing. The comparative lack of doctrinal interest in the first epistle, and its personal, intimate contents, would prevent it from being so often read and cited as the other Pauline letters. - The second epistle, however, was evidently known to Justin Martyr (Dial. xxxii., cx., cxvi.) as well as to Polycarp who not only alludes to iii. 15 (in xi. 4, “et non sicut inimicos tales existimetis ’’) but misquotes i. 4 (in quibus laborauit beatus Paulus, qui estis in principio epistulae eius, de uobis enim gloriatur in omnibus ecclesiis) as if it were addressed to the Philippians (cf. Wrede, 92 f.); and such data prove the circu- lation of 1 Thess. as well. The echoes of 2 Thess. in Barnabas (2 Thess. ii. 6 = Barn, xviii. 2; 11. 8, 12 = xv. δὴ indicate rather more than a common basis of oral tradition (so Rauch in Zeitschrift fiir die Wissensch. Theologie, 1895, 458 f.), and, like the apocalypse of John, it appears to have been circulated in Gaul before the end of the second century (cf. letter from churches of Lyons and Vienne, Eus. ΕΠ. ἜΤ. τὴ
The text printed in this edition agrees generally with that of most critical editors. To save space, all textual notes have been cut out,