§ 168. CYRIL OF JERUSALEM. 925
all essential points with the Koman ; it supports the varioiia articles with passages of Scripture, and defends them against the heretical perversions of his time. The last five, called the Mystagogic Catecheses,' are addressed to newly baptized persons, and are of importance in the doctrine of the sacraments and the history of liturgy. In these he explains the ceremonies then customary at baptism: Exorcism, the putting off of garments, anointing, the short confession, triple immersion, confirmation by the anointing oil ; also the nature and ritual of the holy Supper, in which he sees a mystical vital union of believers with Christ, and concerning which he uses terms verging at least upon the doctrine of transubstantiation. In connection with this he gives us a full account of the earliest eucharistic liturgy, which coincides in all essential points with such other liturgical i-emains of the Eastern church, as the Apostolic Constitutions and the Liturgy of St. James.
The Catecheses of Cyril are the fij'st example of a popular eompend of religion ; for the catechetical work of Gregory of Nyssa {Xoyo'i Karri-)(7}TiKo<i 6 fiiya'i) is designed not so much for catechumens, as for catechists and those intending to become teachers.
Besides several homilies and tracts of very doubtful genuineness, a homily on the healing of the cripple at Bethesda,^ and a remarkable letter to the emperor Constantius of the year 351, are also ascribed to Cyril.' In the letter he relates to the emperor the miraculous appearance of a luminous cross extending from Golgotha to a point over the mount of Olives (mentioned also by Socrates, Sozomen, and others), and calls upon him to praise the " consubstantial Trinity." *
' KaTTyxiiffe's fj-vaTaywyiKai. The name is connected with the mysterious prdO« tices of the disciplina arcani of the early church. Comp. the conclusion v/f the first Mystagogic Catechesis, c. 11 (Migne, p. 1075). The mystagogic lectures ara also separately numbered. The first is a general exhortation to the baptized on \ Pet. V. 8 ; the second treats De baptismo ; the third, De chrismate ; the fourth, Da corpore et sanguine Christi ; the fifth, De sacra liturgia et communione.
'^ Homilia in paralyticum, John v. 2-16 (in Migne's ed. pp. 1131-1158).
' Ep. ad Constantium imper. De viso Hierosolyrais lucidae crucis signo, pp. 1154-11Y8.
* Tt]*' 07101 Koi o/xoovaiof TpiaSa, Thi> aKri^tphv Qfhy ri/J-oiiy, ^ irfjeTiei rraca 5o{« eii Tovs alin^as toiv alwyvy.
926 THIRD PERIOD. A.D. 311-590,
§ 169. Epijphanms.
I. 8. Epiphanius: Opera omnia, Gr. et Lat., Dionysius Petavius ex veteribus libris receiisuit, Latine vertit et animadversionibus illustravit. Paris, 1G22, 2 vols. fol. The same edition reprinted with additions at Cologne (or rather at Leipsic), 1682, and by /. F. Migne, Petit-Montrouge, 1858, in 3 vols. (torn, xli.-xliii. of Migne's Patrologia Grajca). The navapinv or Panaria of Epiphanius, together with his Anacephalajosis, with the Latin version of both by Petavius, has also been separately edited by Fr. Oehler^ as torn. ii. and iii. of his Corpus ha3reseologicum, IJerol. 1859-61. (Part second of torn. iii. contains the Animadversiones of Fetavius, and A. Jahii's Symbolso ad emendanda et illustranda S. Epiphauii Panaria.)
U. HiEEONYMUs: De viris illustr. o. 114, and in several of his Epistles relating to the Origenistic controversies, Epp. 66 sqq. ed. Vallarsi. SooRATEs: Hist. Eccl. 1. vi. c, 10-14. Sozomex: H. E. viii. 11-15. Old biographies, full of fables, see in Migne's edition, torn, i., and in Petav. ii. 318 sqq. The Vita Epiph. in the Acta Saxotokum for May, torn. iii. die 12, pp. 36-49 (also reprinted in Migne's ed, torn. i,). Tillemont: M6moires, torn, x, pp. 484-521, and the notes, pp. 802- 809, Fr. Arm, Gekvaise: L'histoire et la vie de saint Epiphane, Par. 1738. Fabrioius: Biblioth. Graeca, ed. Harless, torn. viii. p. 255 sqq. (also reprinted in Migne's ed. of Epiph. i. 1 sqq.). W, Cave : Lives of the Fathers, iii. 20T-23G (new Oxf. ed.). SciiuoCKn: Th. x. 3 ff. R. Auelb. Lipsros: Zur Quellenkritik des Epiphanios. Wien, 1865. (A critical analysis of the older history of heresies, in Epiph. hser. ]3- 57, with special reference to the Gnostic systems.)
Epiphanius,' wlio achieved his great fame mainly by his learned and intolerant zeal for orthodoxy, was born near Eleutheropolis in Palestine, between 310 and 320, and died at sea, at a very advanced age, on his way back from Constantinople to Cyprus, in 403. According to an nncertain, though not improbable tradition, he was the son of poor Jewish parents, and was educated by a rich Jewish lawyer, until in his sixteenth year he embraced the Christian religion/ — the first example,
' There are several prominent ecclesiastical writers of that name. Compare a list of them in Fabrioius, 1. c.
" See the biography of his pupil John, eh. 2, in Migne's cd. i. 25 sqq. Cave accepts this stoi-y, and it receives some support from the Palestinian origin of Epiphanius, and from his knowledge of the Hebrew laiiguivge, whicli was then so rar« that Jerome was the only father besides Epiphanius who possessed iL