§ 169. EPIPHANIU8. 93J
Epiplianiua begins tlie war upon the Origenists, Avians, Pho tinians, Marcellians, Semi-Arians, Pneumatomacliians, Antidikomarianites, aud other heretics of his age. In the earlier heresies he made large use, without proper acknowledgment, of the well-known works of Justin Martyr, Irenseus, and Hip polytus, and otlier written sources and oral traditions. In tha latter sections he could draw more on his own ohservation and experience.
3. The Anacephal^osis is simply an abridgment of the Panarion, with a somewhat different order.
This is the proper place to add a few words upon similar works of the post-Nicene age.
About the same time, or shortly after Epiphanins (380), Philastrius or Philastrus, bishop of Brixia (Brescia), wrote his Liber de hgeresibus (in 156 chapters).'' He was still more liberal with the name of heresy, extending it to one hundred and fifty-six systems, twenty-eight before Christ, and a hundred and twenty-eight after. He includes peculiar opinions on all sorts of subjects: Haeresis de stellis coelo affixis, hseresis de peccato Cain, hteresis de Psalterii inequalitate, haeresis de animalibus cpiatuor in prophetis, hseresis de Septuaginta interpretibus, haeresis de Melchisedech sacerdote, haeresis de uxoribna et concubinis Salomonis !
He was followed by St. Augustine, who in the last years of his life wrote a brief compend on eighty-eight heresies, com- Tiiencing with the Simonians and ending with the Pelagians.^
' 'AvaKf(pa\aia)(Ttv, Or Epitome Panarii (tom. ii. 126, ed. Patar. ; torn. ii. 834- 886, ed. Migne).
■■^ Edited hy J. A. Fa bricius, Hamburg, 1728; by Oallandi, Bibliotheca, tom. vii. pp. 475-521 ; and by Oehl.er in tom. i. of his Corpus hoereseolog. pp. 6-185. The close affinity of Philastrus with Epiphanius is usually accounted for on the ground of the dependence of the former on the latter. This seems to have been the opinion of Augustine, Epistola 222 ad Quodvultdeum. But Lipsius (1. c. p. 29 fF.) derives both from a common older source, viz., the work of Hippolytus against thirty-two heresies, and explains the silence of Epiphanius (who mentions Hippolytus only once) by the unscrupulousness of the authorship of the age, whiclj bad no hesitation in decking itself with borrowed plumes.
' Liber de haresibus, addressed to Quodvultdeus, a deacon who had requested him to write such a work. Augustine, in his letter of reply to Quodvultdeus (Ep. 222 in the Bened. edition) alludes to the work of Philastrus, whom ht had seer
933 THIRD TERIOD, A.D. 311-590.
The unknown author of the book called P rcedestlnatia added two more heretical parties, the Nestoriar s and the Pre* destinarians, to Augustine's list; but the Predestinarians are probably a mere invention of the writer for the purpose of caricaturing and exposing the heresy of an absolute predestination to good and to evil.'
4. In addition to those anti-heretical works, we liave from Epiphanius a biblical archseoloii,ical treatise on the Measures and Weights of the Scriptures,'' and another on the Twelve Gems on the breastplate of Aaron, with an allegorical interpretation of their names.''
with Ambrose in Milan, and to that of Epiphanius, and calls the latter "longe Philastrio doctiorem." The work of Augustine is also embodied in Oehler's Corpus haereseol. torn. i. pp. 189-225. The following is a complete list of the heresies of Augustine as given by him at the close of the preface: 1. Simoniani; 2. Menandriani ; 3. Saturniniani ; 4. Basilidiani ; 5. Nicolaitaj ; 6. Gnostici ; 7. Carpocratiani 8. Cerinthiani, vel Meriuthiani ; 9. Nazartei; 10. Hebionaji ; 11. Valentiniaui ; 12. Secundiani; 13. Ptolemaei; 14. Marcitae; 15. Colorbasii ; 16. Ileracleonitae ; 17. OphitsB; 18. Caiani; 19, Sethiani; 20. Archontici; 21. Cerdoniani; 22. Marcionitag ; 23. Apellitse ; 24. Severiani ; 25. Tatiani, vel Encratitse ; 26. Cataphryges ; 27. Pepuziani, alias Quintilliani ; 28. Artotyrita; ; 29. TcssarescKdecatitaa ; 30. Alogi ; 31. Adamiani ; 82. Elcesai et Sampsai; 33. Theodotiani ; 34. Melchiscdechiani ; 35. Bardesanistffl ; 36. Noetiani ; 37. Yalesii ; 38. Calhari, sive Novatiani ; 39. Angelici; 40. Apostolici; 41. Sabelliani ; 42. Origeniani ; 43. Alii Origeniani; 44. Pauliani; 45. Photiniani; 40. Alanichai ; 47. Hieracita3 ; 48. Melotiani; 49. Ariaui; 50. Yadiani, sive Anthropomorpliitae ; 51. Semiariani; 52. Macedoniani; 53. Aeriani; 64. Aetiani, qui et Eunomiani; 55. Apollinarista; ; 56. Antidicomarianitie ; 67. Massaliani, sive Euchita; ; 58. Metangisraonitas ; 59. Seleuciani, vel Herniiani; 60. Proclianitae; 61. Patriciani; 62. Ascitaj; 63. Passalorynchitae ; &A. Aquarii ; 65. Coluthiani ; 66. Floriuiani ; 67. De mundi statu dissenlientes ; 68. Xudis pcdibua ambulantes; 69. Donatistie, sive Donatiani ; 70. Priscillianistae; 71. Cum hominibua non nianducantes ; 72. Rhetoiiani ; 73. Christi divinitatcm passibilem dicentes ; 74. Triforniem dcum putantes; 75. Aquam Deo coaHernam dicentes; 76. Imaginem Dei non esse animam dicentes ; 77. Innumerabiles mundos of inantcs ; 78. Animas converti in daemones et in quajcunque aniinalia existimantes ; 79. Liberatiouem omnium apud inferos factam Christi descensione credentcs; 80. Christi de I'atre nativitati initium temporis dantes ; 81. Luciferiani ; 8"J. loviuianistaj ; 83. Arabici; 84. Ilelvidiaui; 85. Patcrniani, sire Venu.stiaui ; 86. TertuUianistffi; 87. Abeloitie; 88. Pelagimi, qui et Ctelestiani.
' Corpus haereseol. i. 229-268. Comp. above, § 159.
' Ufpi fxirpuiv tioX cTTa^ixav., Dc ponderibus et mensuris, written in 392. (Tom. ii. 158, ed. Petav. ; torn. iii. 237, ed. Migne.)
' Hfpi tCcv 5(i)eifa Aidojj', De xii. geminis in veste Aaronis. (Tom. ii. 233, od Pet ; iii. 293, cd. Migne.)