CHAPTER IX.
CHURCH AND STATE.
88. Legislation . . 386
89. The Roman Law, 388
90. The Capitularies of Charlemagne, 390
91. English Legislation, 392
CONTENTS. xi
CHAPTER X.
WORSHIP AND CEREMONIES.
PAOB
g 92. The Mass, 397
I 93. The Sermon, 399
$ 94. Church Poetry. Greek Hymns and Hymniste, .... 402
3 95. Latin Hymnody. Literature, 416
§ 96. Latin Hymns and Hymnists, . 420
§ 97. The Seven Sacraments, 436
§ 98. The Organ and the Bell, 439
\ 99. The Worship of Saints, 442
2 100. The Worship of Images. Literature. Different Theories, . 447
\ 101. The Iconoclastic War, and the Synod of 754, ... 454 § 102. The Restoration of Image- Worship and the Seventh (Ecumenical
Council, A. D. 787, 459
\ 103. Iconoclastic Reaction and Final Triumph of Image- Worship.
A. D. 842, 464
g 104. The Caroline Books and the Prankish Church, . . .465
§105. Evangelical Reformers. Agobard of Lyons and Claudius of Turin, 470
CHAPTER XL
DOCTRINAL CONTROVERSIES.
106. General Survey, 475
107. I. The PROCESSION of the Holy Spirit, 476
108. The Arguments for and against the Filioque, .... 484
109. II. The MONOTHELETIC Controversy. Literature, . . . 489
110. The Doctrine of Two Wills in Christ, 490
111. History of Monotheletism and Dyotheletism, . . . 494
112. The Sixth (Ecumenical Council. A.D. 680, . . . .499
113. The Heresy of Honorius, 500
114. Concilium Quinisextum, A. D. 692, 507
115. Reaction of Monotheletism. The Maronites, .... 510
116. III. The ADOPTIONIST Controversy. Literature, . . .511
117. History of Adoptionism, 513
118. Doctrine of Adoptionism, 517
119. IV. The PREDESTINARI AN Controversy. Literature . . 522
120. Gottschalk and Rabanus Maurus, 525
121. Gottschalk and Hincmar, 528
122. The Contending Theories of Predestination, and the Victory of
Semi-Augustinianism, ........ 530
1 23. The Doctrine of Scotus Erigena on Predestination and Free Will 539
124. V. The EUCHARISTIC Controversies. Literature, . . . 543
125. The T\vo Theories of the Lord's Supper 544
xii CONTENTS.
PAGE
g 126. The Theory of Paschasius Radbertus, 546
\ 127. The Theory of Ratramnus, 549
\ 128. The Berengar Controversy 554
g 129. Berengar's Theory of the Lord's Supper, .... 564
§ 130. Lanfranc and the Triumph of Transubstantiation, . . . 567
CHAPTER XII.
HERETICAL SECTS.
131. The Paulicians, 573
132. The Euchites and other Sects in the East, 578
133. The New Manichaeans in the West, 580
CHAPTER XIII. THE STATE OF LEARNING.
3 134. Literature, 583
g 135. Literary Character of the early Middle Ages, . . . 585
§ 136. Learning in the Eastern Church, 586
§ 137. Christian Platonism and the Pseudo-Dionysian Writings, . 589
I 138. Ignorance in the Weet, 600
g 139. Educational Efforts of the Latin Church, .... 604
\ 140. Charles the Great, and Charles the Bald, 614
\ 141. King Alfred, and Education in England, .... 618
CHAPTER XIV. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL WRITERS.
\ 142. Chronologist List of the Principal Ecclesiastical Writers from
the Sixth to the Twelfth Century, 621
I. GREEK AUTHORS.
£ 143. St. Maximus Confessor, ........ 622
\ 144. St. John of Damascus, 626
\ 145. Photius, 636
3 146. Simeon Metaphraates, 642
\ 147. (Ecumenius, 643
\ 148. Theophylact, ... 643
\ 149. Michael Psellus, 646
§ 150. Euthymius Zigabenus, 647
\ 151. Eustathius of Thessalonica, . 648
\ 152. Nicetas Acominatos, 652
CONTENTS. xiii II. LATIN AUTHORS.
PAGE
g 153. Cassiodorus, C53
§ 154. St. Gregory of Tours, , 658
g 155. St. Isidore of Seville, 662
\ 156. The Venerable Bede, 669
\ 157. Paul the Deacon, 677
$ 158. St. Paulinus of Aquileia, 681
§ 159. Alcuin, 684
I 160. St. Liudger, 691
§ld. Theodulph of Orleans, 695
\ 162. St. EigSl, 699
\ 163. Amalarius, 701
g 164. Einhard, 704
§ 165. Smaragdus 709
§ 166. Jonas of Orleans, . .711