§ 167. Kabanus Maurus, 713
§ 168. Haymo of Halberstadt, 728
§ 169. Walahfrid Strabo, 729
$ 170. Florus Magister of Lyons, 733
§ 171. Servatus Lupus, 735
I 172. Druthmar, .... 739
\ 173. St. Paschasius Radbertus 741
\ 174. Ratramnus, 746
$ 175. Hincmar of Rheims, 750
\ 176. Scotus Erigena, 761
§ 177. Anastasiua, .......... 774
§ 178. Katherius of Verona, 776
I 179. Gerbert (Sylvester II.), 777
\ 180. Fulbert of Chartres, ... 782
\ 181. Kodulfus Glaber. Adam of Bremen 785
§ 182. St. Peter Damiani, 787
ALPHABETICAL INDEX . . . 793
HISTORY
OF
MEDIEVAL CHRISTIANITY,
FEOM A. D. 590 TO 1517.
CHAPTER I. GENERAL INTKODUCTION TO MEDIAEVAL CHURCH HISTORY.
§ 1. Sources and Literature.
AUGUST POTTHAST : Bibliotheca Historica Medii Acevi. Wegweiser durch die Geschichtswerke des Europaischcn Mittclalters von 375-1500. Ber lin, 1862. Supplement, 1868.
The mediaeval literature embraces four distinct branches.
1. The Romano-Germanic or Western Christian;
2. The Gra3eo-Byzantine or Eastern Christian;
3. The Talmudic and Rabbinical ;
4. The Arabic and Mohammedan.
We notice here only the first and second ; the other two will be mentioned in subdivisions as far as they are connected with church history.
The Christian literature consists partly of documentary sources, partly of historical works. We confine ourselves here to the most important works of a more general character. Books referring to particular countries and sections of church history will be noticed in the progress of the narrative. I. DOCUMENTARY SOURCES.
They are mostly in Latin — the official language of the Western Church,— and in Greek, — the official language of the Eastern Church.
2 MEDIAEVAL CHURCH HISTORY.
(1) For the history of missions: the letters and biographies of mis sionaries.
(2) For church polity and government: the official letters of popes, patriarchs, and bishops.
The documents of the papal court embrace (a) Reyesta (registra], the transactions of the various branches of the papal government from A. D. 1198-1572, deposited in the Vatican library, and difficult of access, (b) Epistolce decretales, which constitute the basis of the Corpus juris canonici, brought to a close in 1313. (c) The bulls (bulla, a seal or stamp of globular form, though some derive it from povty, will, decree] and briefs (breve, a short, concise summary), i. e., the official letters since the conclusion of the canon law. They are of equal authority, but the bulls differ from the briefs by their more solemn form. The bulls are written on parchment, and sealed with a seal of lead or gold, which is stamped on one side with the effigies of Peter and Paul, and on the other with the name of the reigning pope, and attached to the instrument by a string ; while the briefs are written on paper, sealed with red wax, and impressed with the seal of the fisherman or Peter in a boat.
(3) For the history of Christian life : the biographies of saints, the disciplinary canons of synods, the ascetic literature.
(4) For worship and ceremonies : liturgies, hymns, homilies, works of architecture, sculpture, painting, poetry, music. The Gothic cathe drals are as striking embodiments of mediaeval Christianity as the Egyptian pyramids are of the civilization of the Pharaohs.
(5) For theology and Christian learning : the works of the later fathers (beginning with Gregory I.), schoolmen, mystics, and the forerunners of the Reformation.
II. DOCUMENTARY COLLECTIONS. WORKS OF MEDIAEVAL WRITERS.
(1) For the Oriental Church.
Corpus Scriptorum Histories, Byzantince, opera NIEBUHRII, BEKKERI, et al. Bonna3, 1828-78, 50 vols. 8vo. Contains a complete history of the East-Eoman Empire from the sixth century to its fall. The chief writers are ZONARAS, from the Creation to A. D. 1118; NICETAS, from 1118 to 1206; GREGORAS, from 1204 to 1359; LAONICUS, from 1298 to 1463; DUCAS, from 1341 to 1462; PHRANTZES, from 1401 to 1477.
J. A. FABRICIUS (d. 1736) : Bibliotheca Grceca sive Notitia Scriptorum veterum Grcecorum, 4th ed., by G. Chr. Harless, with additions. Hamburg, 1790-1811, 12 vols. A supplement by S. F. W. HOFF MANN : Bibliographisches Lexicon der gesammten Literatur der Griechen. Leipzig, 1838-'45, 3 vols.
(2) For the Western Church.
Bibliotheca Maxima Patrum. Lugduni, 1677, 27 vols. fol.
MARTENE (d. 1739) and DURAND (d. 1773) : Thesaurus Anecdotorum
Novus, seu Collectio Monumentorum, etc. Paris, 1717, 5 vols. fol.
By the same : Veterum Scriptorum et Monumentorum Collectio ampliss.
Paris, 1724-'33, 9 vols. fol.