202 FOUETH PERIOD. A. D. 590-1049.
early Mormons amidst violent abuse and persecution from state to state, till they found a refuge in the desert of Utah Territory, which they turned into a garden ; the missionary zeal in sending apostles to distant lands and importing proselytes to their Eldorado of saints from the ignorant population of England, Wales, Norway, Germany, and Switzerland ; the union of religion with civil government, in direct opposition to the Ame rican separation of church and state ; the institution of polygamy in defi ance of the social order of Christian civilization. In sensuality and ava rice Brigham Young surpassed Mohammed ; for he left at his death in Salt Lake City seventeen wives, sixteen sons, and twenty-eight daughters (having had in all fifty-six or more children), and property estimated at two millions of dollars.1
The government of the United States cannot touch the Mormon reli gion ; but it can regulate the social institutions connected therewith, as long as Utah is a Territory under the immediate jurisdiction of Congress. Polygamy has been prohibited by law in the Territories under its con trol, and President Hayes has given warning to foreign governments (in 1879) that Mormon converts emigrating to the United States run the risk of punishment for violating the laws of the land. President Garfield (in his inaugural address, March 4, 1881) took the same decided ground on the Mormon question, saying: " The Mormon church not only offends the moral sense of mankind by sanctioning polygamy, but prevents the administration of justice through the ordinary instrumentalities of law. In my judgment it is the duty of Congress, while respecting to the utter most the conscientious convictions and religious scruples of every citizen, to prohibit within its jurisdiction all criminal practices, especially of that class which destroy the family relations and endanger social order. Nor can any ecclesiastical organization be safely permitted to usurp in the smallest degree the functions and powers of the National Government."
His successor, President Arthur, in his last message to Congress, Dec. 1884, again recommends that Congress " assume absolute political control of the Territory of Utah," and says : " I still believe that if that abomin able practice ^polygamy] can be suppressed by law it can only be by the most radical legislation consistent with the restraints of the Constitu tion." The secular and religious press of America, with few exceptions, supports these sentiments of Ijie chief magistrate.
Since the annexation of Utah to the United States, after the Mexican war, " Gentiles," as the Christians are called, have entered the Mormon settlement, and half a dozen churches of different denominations have been organized in Salt Lake City. But the "Latter Day Saints" are vastly in the majority, and are spreading in the adjoining Territories. TLne will show whether the Mormon problem can be oolved without resort to arms, or a new emigration of the Mormons.
1 As stated in the NewYor.'c Tribune for Sept. 3, 1877.
$ 48. GENEEAL LITERATURE ON THE PAPACY. 203
CHAPTER IV.
THE PAPAL HIERARCHY AND THE HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE.
§ 48. General Literature on the Papacy.
*Bullarium Magnum Romanum a Leone M. usque ad Bcnedldum XIV. Luxemb., 1727-1758. 19 vols., ibl. Another ed., of superior typog raphy, under the title : Bullarum . . . Romanorum Pontlficum amplissima Collect io, opera et studio C. Cocquelines, Rom., 1738-1758, 14 Tomi in 28 Partes fol. ; new ed., 1847-72, 24 vols. Bullar'd Romani continuatio, ed. A. A. Barberi, from Clement XIII. to Gregory XVI., Rom., 1835-1857, 18 vols.
*Monumenta Germanic Hintorica Inde ab anno Chrlsti quingentesimo usque ad annum milleximum et quingentesimum ; ed. by G. H. Pertz (royal librarian at Berlin, d. 1876), continued by G. Waltz. Hannovene, 182G-1879, 24 vols. fol. A storehouse for the authentic history of the German empire.
*ANASTASIUS (librarian and abbot in Rome about 870) : Liber Pontificalia (or, De Vltls Roman. Pontificum). The oldest collection of biogra phies of popes down to Stephen VI., A. D. 885, but not all by Anastasius. This book, together with later collections, is inserted in the third volume of MURATOHI, Rerum Ital. Scriptores (Mediol., 1723- '51, in 25 vols. fol.) ; also in Migne, Patrol. L. Tom. cxxvii. (1853).
ARCHIBALD BOWER (b. 1686 at Dundee, Scotland, d. 1766): The History of the Popes, from the foundation of the See of Rome to the present time. 3rd ed. Loud., 1750-'66. 7 vols., 4to. German transl. by Rambach, 1770. Bower changed twice from Protestantism to Romanism, and back again, and wrote in bitter hostility to the papacy, but gives very ample material. Bp. Douglas of Salesbury wrote against him.
CHR. F. WALCH: Entwurf einer vollstandigen Historic dcr romischen Pdpstc. Gottingen, 2d ed., 1758.
G. J. PLANCK : Geschlchte des Papstthums. Hanover, 1805. 3 vols.
L. T. SPITTLER: Geschlchte des Papstthums; with Notes by J. Gurlitt, Hamb., 1802, new ed. by H. E. G. Paulus. Heidelberg, 1826.
J. E. RIDDLE : The History of the Papacy to the Period of the Reforma tion. London, 1856. 2 vols.
F. A. GFRORER: Geschlchte dcr Karolinger. (Freiburg, 1848. 2 vols.); Allgemeine Kirchengeschichte (Stuttgart, 1841-'46, 4 vols.) ; Gregor VII. und sein Zeltalter (Schaffhausen, 1859-'64, 8 vols.). Gfrorer began as a rationalist, but joined the Roman church, 1853, and died in 1861.