204 FOUKTH PEEIOD. A. D. 590-1049.
*PHIL. JAFF£ : Regesta Pontificum Roman, ad annum 1198. Berol., 1851 ;
revised ed. by WATTENBACH, etc. Lips. 1881 sqq. Continued by
POTTHAST from 1198-1304, and supplemented by HARTTUNG (see
below). Important for the chronology and acts of the popes. J. A. WYLIE : The Papacy. Lond., 1852. ^LEOPOLD RANKE : Die romischen Pdpste, ihre Kirche und ihr Stoat im
16 und llten Jahrhundert. 4 ed., Berlin, 1857. 3 vols. Two English
translations, one by Sarah Austin (Lond., 1840), one by E. Foster
(Lond., 1847). Comp. the famous review of Macaulay in the Edinb.
Review. DOLLINGER (R. C.) : Die Papstfdbeln des Mittelalters. Miinchen, 1863.
English translation by A. Plummer, and ed. with notes by H. B.
Smith. New York, 1872. *W. GIESEBRECHT : Geschichte der Deutschen Kaiserzeit. Braunschweig,
1855. 3rd ed., 1863 sqq., 5 vols. A political history of the German
empire, but with constant reference to the papacy in its close contact
with it. *THOMAS GREENWOOD : Cathedra Petri. A Political History of the great
Latin Patriarchate. London, 1856-72, 6 vols. C. DE CHERRIER : Histoire de la lutte des papes et des empereurs de la
maison de swabe, de ces causes et des ses effets. Paris, 1858. 3 vols. *RuD. BAXMANN : Die Politik der Pdpste von Gregor I. bis Gregor VII.
Elberfeld, 1868, '69. 2 vols. *F. GREGOROVIUS : Geschichte der Stadt Rom im Mittelalter, vom 5. bis
zum 16. Jahrh. 8 vols. Stuttgart, 1859-1873. 2 ed., 1869 ff. A. v. REUMOISTT : Geschichte der Stadt Rom. Berlin, 1867-70, 3 vols. C. HOFLER (R. C.) : Die Avignoriischen Pdpste, ihre Macht/ulle und ihr
Untergang. Wien, 1871. R. ZOPFFEL : Die Papstwahlen und die mit ihnen im nachsten Zusammen-
hange stehenden Ceremonien in ihrer Entwicklung vom 11 bis 14. Jahr-
hundert. Gottingen, 1872. * JAMES BRYCE (Prof, of Civil Law in Oxford) : The Holy Roman Empire .
London, 3rd ed., 1871, 8th ed. enlarged, 1880.
W. WATTENBACH : Geschichte des romischen Papstthums. Berlin, 1876. *JuL. VON PFLUGK-HARTTUNG : Acta Pontificum Romanorum inedita.
Bd. I. UrJcunden der Pdpste A. D. 748-1198. Gotha, 1880. O. J. REICHEL : The See of Rome in the Middle Ages. Lond. 1870. MAKDELL CREIGHTON : History of the Papacy during the Reformation.
London 1882. 2 vols.
J. N. MURPHY (R. C.) : The Chair of Peter, or the Papacy and its Bene fits. London 1883.
49. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE POPES, ETC. 205
§ 49. Chronological Table of the Popes, Anti-Popes, and Roman Emperors from Gregory I. to Leo XIII.
We present here, for convenient reference, a complete list of the Popes, Anti-Popes, and Roman Emperors, from Pope Gre gory I. to Leo XIII., and from Charlemagne to Francis II., the last of the German-Roman emperors : l
A. D.
POPES.
ANTI-POPES.
EMPERORS.
A. D.
(GREEK EMPERORS).
590-604
St. Gregory I.
Maurice.
(the Great).
Phocas.
604-606
Sabinianus.
Boniface III.
608-615
Boniface IV.
Heraclius.
615-618 Deusdedit.
619-625
Boniface V.
625-638
Honorius I.
638(?)-640 Severinus. 640-642 John IV. 642-649 Theodorus I.
Constantine III. Constans II.
649-G53 [G55] St. Martin I. 654-657 Eugenius I. 657-672 Vitalianus.
Constantine IV.
(Pogonatus.)
672-676 Adcodatus.
676-678 Donus or Dom
nus I.
678-681 Agatho.
682-683 Leo II.
683-685
Benedict II.
685-686
John V.
Justinian II.
686-687
Conon.
687-692
Paschal.
Leontius.
Theodorus.
Tiberius III.
687-701 Sergius I.
Justinus II. restored
701-705 John VI.
PhilippicusBardanes
705-707 ! John VII.
Anastasius II.
708 Sisinnius.
Theodosius III.
708-715 Constantine I.
Leo III. (the Isau-
715-731 Gregory II.
rian).
731-741
Gregory III.
(Charles Martel, d.
741, defeated the
Saracens at Tours,
732.)
741-752 iZachnrias.
(Pepin the Short,
1 This list is compiled from Jaffe* (Rcgcsta], Potthast (Bibl. Hist. Medii JEvi, Supplement, 259-267), and other sources. The whole number of popes from the Apostle Peter to Leo XIII. is 263.
The emperors marked with an asterisk were crowned by the pope,- the others were simply kings and emperors of Germany.