§71.
THE FRANCISCANS
. 408
§72.
ST. DOMINIC AND THE DOMINICANS
CONTEXTS. Xlll
CHAPTER IX. MISSIONS.
PAGE
§73.
LITERATURE AND GENERAL SURVEY .....
. 427
§74.
MISSIONS IN NORTHEASTERN GERMANY ....
. 429
§75.
MISSIONS AMONG THE MOHAMMEDANS ....
. 433
§76.
MISSIONS AMONG THE MONGOLS ......
. 437
§77.
THE JEWS ..........
. 442
CHAPTER X. HERESY AND ITS SUPPRESSION.
§ 78.
o ' w*
§79.
THE MEDIEVAL DISSENTERS ......
. 461
§80.
THE CATHARI .........
. 470
§81.
PETER DE BRUYS AND OTHER LEADERS ....
. 482
§82.
THE AMAURIANS AND OTHER SECTS .....
. 486
§ 83.
THE BEGUINES AND BEGHARDS
. 489
§84.
THE WALDENSES ........
. 493
§85.
THE CRUSADES AGAINST THE ALBIGENSES ....
. 507
§86.
THE INQUISITION. ITS ORIGIN AND PURPOSE .
. 515
§87.
THE INQUISITION. ITS MODE OF PROCEDURE .
. 525
CHAPTER XI. UNIVERSITIES AND CATHEDRALS.
§ 88
SCHOOLS
O *~MJ'
§89.
BOOKS AND LIBRARIES
. 543
§90.
THE UNIVERSITIES ........
. 551
§91.
THE UNIVERSITY or BOLOGNA ......
. 563
§ 92.
THE UNIVERSITY OF PARIS ......
. 568
§93.
OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE .......
. 574
§94.
THE CATHEDRALS ........
. 581
CHAPTER XII. SCHOLASTIC AND MYSTIC THEOLOGY.
§95.
LITERATURE AND GENERAL INTRODUCTION
. 587
§96.
SOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT OF SCHOLASTICISM
. 591
§97.
REALISM AND NOMINALISM .......
. 594
§98.
ANSELM OF CANTERBURY .......
. 597
§99.
PETER AB^LARD ........
. 609
§100.
AB.ELARD'S TEACHINGS AND THEOLOGY ....
. 620
§101.
YOUNGER CONTEMPORARIES OF AB^ELARD ....
. 627
§ 102.
O *v**«
§ 103.
MYSTICISM ... . .
§104.
ST. BERNARD AS A MYSTIC ......
. 639
§105.
HUGO AND RICHARD OF ST. VICTOR .....
. 643
CHAPTER XIII. SCHOLASTICISM AT ITS HEIGHT.
§106.
ALEXANDER OF HALES . . . . ' .
. 651
§ 107.
ALBERTUS MAGNUS ........
. 652
§108.
THOMAS AQUINAS
. 659
§109.
BONAVENTURA .........
. 677
§110.
DUNS SCOTUS .........
. 683
§111.
ROGER BACON . .
. 692
xiv CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XIV. THE SACRAMENTAL SYSTEM.
PAGE
§ 112. LITERATURE ON THE SACRAMENTS ...... 700
§ 113. THE SEVEN SACRAMENTS 701
§ 114. BAPTISM AND CONFIRMATION 708
§ 115. THE EL-CHARIST 713
§ 116. EUCHARISTIC PRACTICE AND SUPERSTITION . . . .721
§ 117. PENANCE AND INDULGENCES ....... 729
Ȥ 118. PENANCE AND INDULGENCES ....... 735
§ 110. EXTREME UNCTION, ORDINATION, AND MARRIAGE . . . 743
§ 120. SIN AND GRACE 749
§ 121. THE FUTURE STATE 757
CHAPTER XV. POPE AND CLERGY.
§ 122. THE CANON LAW 764
§ 123. THE PAPAL SUPREMACY IN CHURCH AND STATE . . . 771
§ 124. THE POPE AND THE CURIA 780
§ 125. THE BISHOPS 792
§ 126. THE LOWER CLERGY 799
§ 127. THE COUNCILS 808
§ 128. THE CHURCH AND CLERGY IN ENGLAND 812
§ 129. Two ENGLISH BISHOPS 823
CHAPTER XVI. POPULAR WORSHIP AND SUPERSTITION.
§ 130. THE WORSHIP OF MARY 830
§ 131. THE WORSHIP OF RELICS 844
§ 132. THE SERMON 850
§ 133. HYMNS AND SACRED POETRY 859
§ 134. THE RELIGIOUS DRAMA 869
§ 135. THE FLAGELLANTS ......... 875
§ 136. DEMONOLOGY AND THE DARK ARTS ...... 878
§ 137. THE AGE PASSING JUDGMENT UPON ITSELF .... 889
INDEX . 897
THE MIDDLE AGES
FROM GREGORY VII, 1049, TO BONIFACE VIII., 1294
THE MIDDLE AGES.
THE PAPAL THEOCRACY IN CONFLICT WITH THE SECULAR POWER.
FROM GREGORY VII. TO BONIFACE VIII.
A.D. 1049-1294.
THE FIFTH PERIOD OF CHURCH HISTORY. § 1. General Literature.
SOURCES: J. P. MIGNE : Patrologm curstts completus, etc. The Latin series containing the writings of the "Fathers, Doctors, and Writers of the Latin Church from Tertullian to Innocent III.," 221 vols. Paris, 1844-1864. Indispensable. The writers of the llth century begin with vol. 139. — PHILIP LABB^US, S.J., d. 1667: Sacrosancta concilia ad regiam editionem exacta, 18 vols. Paris, 1662 sqq. Labbseus lived to see vol. IX. in print. Completed by Gabriel Cossart. This collection has been used in places in this volume. — JOHN D. MANSI, abp. of Lucca, d. 1769 : Sacrorum conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, 31 vols., Florence and Venice, 1759-1798. Extends to the Council of Florence, 1439. New facsimile ed. with continuation. Paris, 1901 sqq. Thus far 38 vols., 0-37, reaching to 1735. — L. A. MURATORI, d. 1750: Eerum Italicarum scriptores, 500-1600, 25 vols. Milan, 1723-1751, with supplemental vols., Florence, 1748, 1770, Venice, 1771, in all 31 parts. Repub. and ed. by G. Carducci et V. Fiorini, Citta di Castello 1902 sqq. — Monumenta Germanice historica, ed. by G. H. PERTZ, d. 1870, and his coeditors and successors, WATTENBACH, BOHMER, etc. More than 60 vols. Han., 1826 sqq. They cover the whole history of the empire and papacy. — Scriptores rerum Germanicarum for use in schools and drawn from the preceding, ed. by PERTZ, 42 vols. Han., 1840-1894. — Die Geschichtschreiber de.r deutschen Vorzeit, ed. by PERTZ, etc., in German trans, 92 vols. Berlin and Leipzig, 1849-1892. — The Eolls Series, Eerum Britannicarum medii cevi scriptores, 97 vols., London, 1858-1891, contains splendid edd. of William of Malmesbury, Roger of Wendover, Ralph of Coggeshall, Richard of Hoveden, Matthew Paris (7 vols.), Grosseteste, and other English mediaeval writers. — Bohn's
B 1