20 THE SWISS REFORMATION.
Alex. Schweizer, in his Fesirede, treats more briefly, but very ably, of Zwingli's theological opinions (pp. 60-88).
VI. Relation of Zwingli to Luther and Calvin:
Merle d'Aubigne : Le Lutheranisme et la Reforme. Paris, 1844. Engl, translation : Luther and Calvin. N. York, 1845.
Hundeshagen : Charakterislik U. Zwinglfs und seines Reformationswerks unier Vergleichung mit Luther und Calvin, in the " Studien und Kritiken," 1862. Compare also his Beitrdge zur Kirchenverfassungsgeschichte und Kirchenpolitik, Bd. I. Wiesbaden, 1864, pp. 136-297. (Important for Zwingli's church polity.)
G. Plitt (Lutheran) : Gesch. der ev. Kirche his zuni A'lgsburger Reichstage. Erlangen, 1867, pp. 417-488.
A. F. C. ViLMAR (Luth.) : Luther, Melanchthon, Zwingli. Frankf.-a.-M., 1869.
G. Uhlhorn (Luth.) : Luther and the Swiss, translated by G. F. Krotel,
Philadelphia, 1876. Zwingli Wirth (Reformed) : Luther und Zwingli. St. Gallen, 1884 (pp. 37).
VII. Special Points in Zwingli's History and Theology : Kradolfer : Zwingli in Marburg. Berlin, 1870.
Fmil Egli : Die Schlacht von Cappel 1531. Mit 2 Pldnen und einem Anhang
ungedruckter Quellen. Ziir., 1873 (pp. 88). By the same: Das Religions-
gesprdch zu Marburg. Ziir., 1884. In the " Theol. Zeitschrift aiis der
Schweiz." Martin Lenz : Zwingli und Landgraf Philipp, in Brieger's " Zeitschrift f iir
Kirchengeschichte" for 1879 (Bd. III.). H. Bavinck : De ethick ran U. Zwingli. Kampen, 1880. Jul. Werder : Zwingli als politischer Re/ormator, in the "Easier Beitrage zur
vaterljind. Geschichte," Basel, 1882, pp. 263-290. Herm. Escher : Die Glaubensparteien in der Schweiz. Eidgenossenschaft und
ihre Beziehungen zum Auslande von 1527-31. Frauenfeld, 1882. (pp.
326.) Important for Zwingli's Swiss and foreign policy, and his views
on the relation of Church and State. W. Oechsli : Die Anfdnge des Glauhenskonjliktes zwischen Zurich und den Eidge-
nossen. Winterthur, 1883 (pp. 42). Marthaler : Zw.'s Lehre vom Glauhen. Ziir., 1884. Aug. Baur: Die erste Ziiricher Disputation. Halle, 1883 (pp. 32). A. Erichson ; Zwingli's Tod und dessen Beurtheilung durch Zeitgenossen, Strassb.,
1883 (pp. 43) ; U. Zw. und die elsdssischen Reformatoren, Strassb., 1884
(pp. 40). Fluckiger : Zwingli's Beziehungen zu Bern, in the "Berner Beitrage." Bern,
1884. J. Mart. Usteri : Initia Zwinglii, and Zw. and Erasmus. See above, p. 18. H. Fenner: Zw. als Patriot und Politiker. Frauenfeld, 1884 (pp. 38).
§ 6. ZWINGLI'S BIRTH AND EDUCATIOX. 21
G. Heee: U. Zw. ah Pfarrer von Glarus, Zurich, 1884 (pp. 42). Gust. Weber (musical director and organist of tiie Grossmiinster in Ziirich) : H. Zivingli. Seine Stellung zur Miisik unci seine Lieder. Ziirich and Leipzig, 1884 (pp. 68). A. Zahn : Zwingli's Verdienste um die biblische Abend mahlslehre. Stuttgart, 1884. G. WuNDERLi: Ziirich in der Periode 1519-31. Ziirich, 1888. On Zwingli and the Anabaptists, see the literature in § 24.
VIII. In part also the biographies of fficoLAMPADius, Bullinger, Leo JuDiE, Haller, etc.
The best books on Zwingli are Miirikofer's biography, Usteri on tlie education of Zwingli, Baur on his theology, Escher and Oechsli on his state and church polity, and Schweizer and R. Stalielin on his general character and position in history.
§ 6. ZwiyiglCs Birth and Education.
Franz : Zwingli's Geburtsort. Beitrag zur reformator. Jubelfeier 1819. (The author was pastor of Wildhaus.) St. Gallen, 1818. Schuler : Huldreich Zwingli. Geschichte seiner Bildung zum Beformator desVaterlandes. Ziirich, 1819. (404 pp. Very full, but somewhat too partial, and needing correction.)
Huldreich or Ulrich Zwingli i was born January 1, 1484, seven weeks after Luther, in a lowly shepherd's cottage at Wildhaus in the county of Toggenburg, now belonging to the Canton St. Gall.
He was descended from the leading family in this retired village. His father, like his grandfather, was the chief magistrate (^Aminann^ ; his mother, the sister of a priest (John Meili, afterwards abbot of Fischingen, in Thurgau, 1510-1523) ; his uncle, on the father's side, dean of the chapter at Wesen on the wild lake of Wallenstadt. He had seven brothers (he being the third son) and two sisters.
The village of Wildhaus is the highest in the valley, surrounded by Alpine meadows and the lofty mountain scenery of Northeastern Switzerland, in full view of the seven Churfirsten and the snow-capped Sentis. The principal industry of the inhabitants was raising flocks. They are described as
^ The name is often misspelled Zwingel (by Luther), or Zwingle (by English and American writers).