§ 24. ZWINGLI'S CONFLICT WITH RADICALISM. 69
the clergy and people, and censured intemperance, extravagance in dress, neglect of Church ordinances, etc.^
But German Switzerland never went to such risrors of discipline as Geneva under the influence of Calvin.
§ 24. ZwingWs Conflict with Radicalism.
Comp. Literature in vol. VI., § 102, p. 606 sq.
I. Sources :
In the Staatsarchiv of Zurich there are preserved about two hundred and fifty documents under the title, WiederUiuferacten, — *Egli : Actensammlung zur Gesch. der Ziircher Reformation, Zurich, 1879 (see the Alph. Index, p. 920, sub Wiedertaufer) . The official reports are from their opponents. The books of the Anabaptists are scarce. A large collection of them is in the Baptist Theological Seminary at Rochester, N.Y. The principal ones are the tracts of Dr. Hiibmaier (see vol. VI. 606) ; a few letters of Grebel, Hut, Reubli, etc., and other documents mentioned and used by Cornelius (Gesch. des Munsterschen Aufruhrs) ; the Moravian, Austrian, and other Anabaptist chronicles (see Beck, below) ; and the Anabaptist hymns reprinted in Wackernagel's Deutsche Kirchenlied, vols. III. and V. (see below).
ZwiNGLi : Wer Ursach gebe zu Aufruhr, wer die wahren Aufriihrer seien, etc., Dec. 7, 1524. A defence of Christian unity and peace against sedition. (^Werke, II. A. 376-425.) Vom Touff, vom Wiedertouff, itnd vom Kindertouff. May 27, 1525 (in Werke, II. A. 280-303. Republished in modern German by Christoffel, Ziirich, 1843. The book treats in three parts of baptism, rebaptism, and infant baptism). Answer to Balthasar Hiibmaier, Nov. 5, 1525 (Werke, II. A. 337 sqq.). Elenchus contra Catabaptistas, 1527 (Opera, III. 357 sqq.). His answer to Schwenkfeld's 64 Theses concerning baptism (in Op. III. 563-583; comp. A. Baur, II. 245-267). CEco- LAMPADius : Ein gesprech etlicher predicanten zu Basel gehalten mit etlichen Bekennern des Wiedertouffs, Basel, 1525. Bullinger (Heinrich) : Der Wiedertdufferen ursprung, furgang, Sekten, etc. Zurich, 1560. (A Latin translation by J. Simler.) See also his Reformationsgeschichte, vol. I.
II. Later Discussions :
Ott (J. H.) : Annales Anahaptistici. Basel, 1672.
Erbkam (H. W.) : Geschichte der protestantischen Secten im Zeitalter der Reforviation. Hamburg und Gotha, 1848. pp. 519-583.
Heberle : Die Anjange des Anabaptismus in der Schweiz, in the " Jahrbiicher fur deutsche Theologie," 1858.
* Cornelius (C. A., a liberal Roman Catholic): Geschichte des Milnsterschen Aufruhrs. Leipzig, 1855. Zweites Buch : Die Wiedertaufe. 1860. He treats of the Swiss Anabaptists (p. 15 sqq.), and adds historical documents from many archives (p. 240 sqq.). A very important work.
1 Opera, III. B. 19 sqq. ; Morikofer, IL 121 sq.
70 THE SWISS REFORMATION.
MoRiKOTEB.: U. Zwingli. Zurich, 1867. I. 279-313; II. 69-76. Very unfavorable to the Anabaptists.
R. VON LiLiENKRON : Zur Liederdichtung der Wiedertdufer. Miinchen, 1877.
*Egli (Emil) : Die Ziiricker Wiedertdufer zur Reformationszeit. Nach den
Quellen des Staatsarchivs. Ziirich, 1878 (104 pp.). By the same: Die St.
Galler Tdufer. Zurich, 1887. Important for the documents and the
external history. * BuRRAGE (Henry S., American Baptist) : The Anabaptists in Switzerland.
Philadelphia, 1882, 231 pp. An account from the Baptist point of view.
Comp. his Baptist Hymn Writers, Portland, 1888, pp. 1-25.
UsTERi (J. M.) : DarsteUung der Tauflehre Zwingli's, in the " Studien und Kritiken " for 1882, pp. 205-284.
*Beck (Joseph): Die Geschichtsbiicher der Wiedertdufer in Oestreich-Umjarn . . . von 1526 bis 1785. Wien, 1883. Publ. by the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna.
Strasser (G.) : Der schweizerische Anabaptismiis zur Zeit der Reformation, in the " Berner Beitrage," 1884.
NiTSCHE (Richard, Roman Catholic): Geschichte der Wiedertdufer in der Schweiz zur Reformationszeit. Einsiedeln, New York, Cincinnati and St. Louis (Benziger), 1885 (107 pp.). He gives a list of literature on pp. vi.-viii.
Keller (Ludwig) : Die Reformation und die dltern Reformparteien. Leipzig, 1885, pp. 364-435. He is favorable to the Anabaptists, and connects them with the Waldensian Brethren and other medieval sects by novel, but arbitrary combinations and conjectures. He mistakes coincidences for historical connections.
Baur (Aug.) : Zwingli's Theologie, vol. II. (1888), 1-267. An elaborate discussion and defence of Zwingli's conduct towards the radicals, with full extracts from his writings, but unjust to the Baptists.
The monographs of Schreiber on Huhmaier (1839 and 1840, unfinished), Keim on Ludwig Hdtzer (1856), and Keller on Hans Denck {Ein Apostel der Wiedertdufer, 1882), touch also on the Anabaptist movement in Switzerland. Kurtz, in the tenth ed. of his Kirchengeschichte (1887), II. 150-164, gives a good general survey of the Anabaptist movement in Germany, Switzerland, and Holland, including the Mennonites.
Having considered Zwingli's controversy with Romanism, we must now review his conflict with Radicalism, which ran parallel with the former, and exhibits the conservative and churchly side of his reformation. Radicalism was identical with the Anabaptist movement, but the baptismal question was secondar3\ It involved an entire reconstruction of the Church and of the social order. It meant revolution. The Romanists pointed triumphantly to revolution as the legiti-