THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
1901. Rev. Archibald Robertson, Regnum Dei, pp. xix, 402, Svo, London, Methuen, 1901.
1903. Rev. William Holden Hutton, The Influence of Christianity upon National Character, illustrated by the Lives and Legends of the English Saints, pp. xiv, 12, 385, 8vo, London, Wells, Gardner, Darton & Co., 1903.
1905. Rev. Frederick William Bussell, Christian Theology and Social Progress, London, Methuen, 1907.
BAN: In the civil law of the old German Empire, a declaration of outlawry; in the twelfth century adopted by the church as the common name for a declaration of excommunication (q.v.).
BANCROFT, RICHARD : Archbishop of Canterbury; b. at Farnworth, Lancashire, 1544; d. in Lambeth Palace, London, Nov. 2, 1610. He was educated at Cambridge (B.A., 1567; D.D., 1585), was made rector of Teversham, near Cambridge, 1576, and rose steadily till he became Bishop of London in 1597 and Archbishop of Canterbury in 1604. He was a High-churchman, asserting that the episcopal authority is based upon a divine right, and most violently opposed to the Puritans, whom he often attacked in his sermons. As president of the Convocation, he presented for adoption the Book of Canons now in force, and as Archbishop he was " the chief overseer " of the authorized version of the Bible, which he had opposed as a Puritan proposition at the Hampton Court Conference (1604). His literary remains are unimportant.
BANES, ba"nes', DOMINGO: Spanish theologian; b. either at Mondragon (65 m. s.e. of Bayonne, France), Biscaya, or at Valladolid Feb. 28, 1528; d. at Medina del Campo Oct. 21, 1604. He studied at Salamanca; joined the Dominicans 1544; lectured on theology at Avila, Alcala, Valladolid, and Salamanca. At Avila he became the confessor of St. Theresa and remained her friend till his death. He was one of the greatest of the expounders and defenders of Thomism (see Thomas Aquinas, Saint) and contributed much to the condemnation of Molina. His chief work was his commentary on the Summa theologian of Thomas Aquinas (4 vols., Salamanca, 1584-94).
BANGORIAN CONTROVERSY. See Hoadley, Benjamin.
BANKS, JOHN SHAW: English Wesleyan; b. at Sheffield Oct. 8, 1835. He was educated at King Edward's School, Birmingham, and, after being a missionary in southern India from 1856 to 1864, was a minister of his denomination in Plymouth, Dewsbury, London, Manchester, and Glasgow until 1880. Since the latter year he has been professor of theology in Headingley College, Leeds. He was president of the Wesleyan Conference in 1902, and has written Three Indian Heroes : Missionary, Statesman, Soldier (London, 1874); Martin Luther, the Prophet of Germany (1877); Our Indian Empire, its Rise and Growth (1880); Manual of Christian Doctrine (1887); Scripture and its Witnesses, Outlines of Christian Evidence (1896); The Tendencies of Modern Theology (1897); Development of Doctrine in the Early Church (1899); Development of Doctrine from the Early Middle Ages to the Reformation (1901), in addition to translating F. A. Philippi's " Commen-
tary on St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans " (2 vols., Edinburgh, 1878-79); D. G. Monrad's "The World of Prayer " (London, 1879); and I. A. Dorner's " System of Christian Doctrine " (in collaboration with A. Cave, 4 vols., Edinburgh, 1880- 82), as well as a number of less important German theological works.
BANKS, LOUIS ALBERT: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Cornwallis, Ore., Nov. 12, 1855. He was educated at Philomath College, Philomath, Ore., and Boston University, but did not take a degree. He has held pastorates at the Hall Street Church, Portland, Ore., Vancouver and Seattle, Wash., Bois6 City, Ida., Trinity Church, Cincinnati, O., First Church, Cleveland, O., Hanson Place Church, Brooklyn, N. Y., St. John's Church and First Church, Boston, Mass., Grace Church, New York City, and Trinity Church, Denver, Col. He was Prohibition candidate for governor of Massachusetts in 1893, and is now an evangelist for the American Antisaloon League. In theology he is an orthodox Methodist. He has written The People's Christ (Boston, 1891); The White Slaves (1892); The Revival Quiver (1893); Anecdotes and Morals (New York, 1894); Common Folks' Religion (Boston,. 1894); Honeycomb of Life (New York, 1895); Heavenly Trade Winds (1895); The Christ Dream (1896); Christ and his Friends (1896); Paul and his Friends (1896); The Saloon-Keeper's Ledger (1896); The Fisherman and his Friends (1897); Seven Times around Jericho (1897); Hero Tales from Sacred Story (1897); The Christ Brotherhood: Heroic Personalities (1898); The Unexpected Christ (1898); Immortal Hymns and Their Story (Cleveland, 1898); Sermon Stories for Boys and Girls (New York, 1898); Immortal Songs of Camp and Field (Cleveland, 1899); The Great Sinners of the Bible (New York, 1899); A Year's Prayer Meeting Talks (New York, 1899); Chats with Young Christians (Cleveland, 1900); David and his Friends (New York, 1900); The Lord's Arrows (1900); Fresh Bait for Fishers of Men (Cleveland, 1900); Poetry and Morals (New York, 1900); Hidden Wells of Comfort (1901); The Great Saints of the Bible (1901); Unused Rainbows (Chicago, 1901); The Motherhood of God (1901); The King's Stewards (New York, 1902); Life of Rev. T. DeWitt Talmage, D.D. (1902); Youth of Famous Americans (1902); Windows for Sermons (1902); The Healing of Souls (1902); The Great Portraits of the Bible (1903); Soul-Winning Stories (1903); Thirty-one Revival Sermons (1904); The Religious Life of Famous Americans (1904); and Great Promises of the Bible (1905).
BANNS : A public announcement of an intended marriage, made in church during service. The word is a plural of ban, meaning an authoritative proclamation. The singular in the modern sense occurs in the fifteenth century; since then the plural only is found. Banns really have no connection either with the professiones of the early Church, alluded to by Ignatius and Tertullian, or with the provision made in the Carolingian capitulary of 802 for investigation by the clergy and seniores in order to avoid incestuous marriages.