RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Baltimore Councils Bampton Lectures
a large number. In 1707 Louis XIV appointed him inspector of the College royal, where he had been professor of canon law since 1689. In this position he corresponded and had personal intercourse with scholars of different countries. A history of the house of Auvergne, which he edited during this time with the help of Cardinal Bouillon, obliged him to leave Paris after the flight of his ambitious protector (1710). Though eighty years of age, Baluze was obliged to go from place to place and finally settled at Orleans, where he remained till 1713. The family of Bouillon being received again by the king after the Peace of Utrecht, Baluze was able to return to Paris. Deprived of all means, he was obliged to devote himself entirely to literary activity, and he died without completing his history of Tulle. He wrote: Regum Francorum capitularia (1677; new edition by de Chiniac, 3 vols., fol., 1780); Epistolm Innocentii papw III (1682); Conciliorum nova collectio (1683, fol.); Vitce paparum Avenionensium (1693); Historia Tutelensis (1717); Cypriani opera (1726); Bibliotheca Baluziana (1719); Miscellanea (7 vols., 1677-1713).
G. Bonet-Matjry.
Bibliography: His autobiography is in the Bibliotheca Baluziana, Paris, 1719. Consult L. E. Du Pin, Bibliotheque des auteurs ecclesiastiques, xix, 1—6, 47 vols., Paris, 1686— 95; Niceron, Memoires, i, 459-471; Vitrac, Eloge de Baluze, ib. 1777; M. Deloche, E. Baluze, sa vie et ses cEuvres, ib. 1856; L. Delisle, Le Cabinet des manuscrils de la Bibliotheque National*, i, 364-367, 445-475, ib. 1868; Bulletin de la societe des lettres de la Correze, iii (1881), 93 and 457, iv (1882), 513, v (1883), 160, vi (1884), 645, ix (1887), 100-163, x (1888); A. Lefranc, Histoire du College de France, Paris, 1893; E. Page, E. Baluze, sa vie, ses ouvrages, son exile, sa defense, ib. 1899.
BAMBERG, BISHOPRIC OF: A see founded in 1007 by King Henry II in the city {civitas Papinberc) which Otho II had given to Henry's father, Duke Henry of Bavaria, in 973. As Henry II had no children, his idea was to leave this possession to God, at the same time aiding in the final conquest of paganism in the district. But the territory of the Wends on the upper Main, the Wiesent, and the Aisch had belonged to the diocese of Wurzburg since the organization of the Middle German bishoprics by St. Boniface, so that no new diocese could be erected without the consent of the occupant of that see. He raised no objsction to parting with some of his territory, especially as the king promised to have Wurzburg raised to an archbishopric and to give him an equivalent in Meiningen. The consent of Pope John XVII was obtained for this arrangement, but the elevation of Wurzburg to an archbishopric proved impracticable, and its bishop withdrew his consent. The king persisted, however, and had the erection of the new diocese confirmed at the great Synod of Frankfort, subsequently naming his chancellor, Eberhard, the first bishop. [The next seven bishops were named by the emperors, after which free canonical election was the rule. Eberhard's immediate successor, Suidger of Morsleben, became pope in 1046 as Clement II. At the beginning of the thirteenth century the diocese gradually became a territorial principality, and its bishops took secular precedence next after the I.— 28
archbishops. The fortieth bishop, George III of Limburg (1505-22), was inclined toward the Reformation, which caused a violent social outbreak under his successor Weigand (1522-56), and the city suffered severely in the Margraves' War (1552-54), as well as in the Thirty Years' War, when it was placed under the jurisdiction of Bernard, the new Duke of Franconia. At the Peace of Westphalia (1648), the bishops recovered their possessions; but these were overrun by the French revolutionary armies, and in 1802 annexed to Bavaria. From 1808 to 1817 the diocese was vacant]; but by the Bavarian Concordat of the latter year it was made an archbishopric, with Wurzburg, Speyer, and Eichstadt as suffragan sees. The present diocese comprises Upper Franconia and the northern half of Middle Franconia.
(A. Hauck.)
Bibliography: Adalbert, Vita Heinrici, ed. G. H. Pertz, in MGH, Script, iv (1841), 787 sqq.; A. Ussermann, Episcopates Bambergensis, Blaise, 1802; P. Jaffe\ Monumenta Bambergensia, Berlin, 1869; KL, i, 1915-28 (very full); J. Looshorn, Geschichte des Bistums Bamberg, 6 vols., Munich, 1886-1906 (an exhaustive history); Hauek, KD, iii, 418-428.
BAMPTON LECTURES: A series of eight lectures or sermons instituted at the University of Oxford by the Rev. John Bampton, M.A., of Trinity College, Canon of Salisbury (b. 1689; d. 1751), who left his entire estate for the purpose. By the terms of the founder's will they shall be preached on Sunday mornings in Term, " between the commencement of the last month in Lent Term [the day before Palm-Sunday] and the end of the third week in Act Term [the day before Whitsunday — the Saturday after the first Tuesday in July, or later, if continued by Congregation], upon either of the following subjects — to confirm and establish the Christian Faith, and to confute all heretics and schismatics — upon the divine authority of the holy Scriptures — upon the authority of the writings of the primitive Fathers, as to faith and practise of the primitive Church — upon the Divinity of our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ — upon the Divinity of the Holy Ghost — upon the Articles of the Christian Faith, as comprehended in the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds." The publication of the lectures is obligatory. The lecturer is chosen by the heads of colleges and must be at least a master of arts of Oxford or Cambridge; no one can be selected a second time. The first course was given in 1780; since 1895 lectures have been suspended in alternate years because of diminution in the income provided by the endowment fund. At present the estate produces £120 to each lecturer.
A list of lecturers and subjects is given in The Historical Register of the University of Oxford (Oxford, 1900); also, down to 1893, in J. F. Hurst, Literature of Theology (New York, 1896); the continuation from the latter date is as follows:
1894 Rev. John Richardson Illingworth, Personality, Human and Divine, pp. xv, 274, 8vo, London, Macmillan,
!895- „ „, ...
1895 Very Rev. Thomas Banks Strong, Christian Ethics, pp. xxvii, 388, 8vo, London, Longmans, 1896.
1897 Rev. Robert Lawrence Ottley, Aspects of the U Id Testament, pp. xix, 448, 8vo, London, Longmans 1897.
1899. Rev. William Ralph Inge, Christian Mysticism, pp. xv, 380, 8vo, London, Methuen, 1899.
Ban Baptism