THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
Song of Sol. (London. 1818 sqq.; has notes); Alexander Campbell, founder of the Disciples of Christ, N. T. (1826; see Campbell, Alexander); Rodolphus Dickinson, an American Episcopalian, N. T. (Boston, 1833; has notes); Noah Webster, the lexicographer, the Bible " with amendments of the language " (New Haven, 1833; the amendments were the removal of obsolete words or " those deemed below the dignity and solemnity of the subject, the correction of errors in grammar, and the insertion of euphemisms, words, and phrases which are not very offensive to delicacy "); Nathan Hale, N. T. (Boston, 1836; from Griesbach's text); Granville Penn, N. T. (London, 1836); C Wellbeloved, a Unitarian, Pentateuch and Job -Song of Sol. (2 vols., London, 1S38; " a new transl." with notes); Samuel Sharpc, the Egyptologist, N. T. (London, 1840; from Griesbach's text) and O. T. (3 vols., 1865; there were eight eds. of the former and four of the latter during the author's life; Sharpe's revision is commended for skilful removal of the archaisms of the A. V.); Edgar Taylor, N. T. (London, 1840; from Griesbach's text; a meritorious version); Joshua V Himes, the " Millerite," N. T. (Boston, 1849); James Murdock; N. T. from the Peshito (New York, 1851); Andrews Norton, Gospels (2 vols., Boston, 1855); Gospel of John (London, 1857) and Pauline Epistles (1861) by Henry Alford, George Moberly, W G. Humphry, C. J. Ellicott, and John Barrow; L. A. Ambrose, N. T. (Boston, 1858; with chronological arrangement and "improved" chapter and verse divisions); L. A. Sawyer, N. T. (Boston, 1858), entire Bible (New York, 1879 sqq.); Robert Young, author of the concordance, entire Bible (Edinburgh, 1863; very literal); T. S. Green, The Twofold N. T. (London, 1864; Gk. text and new transl. in parallel columns); Henry Alford, N. T. (London, 1869); G. R. Noyes, professor in Harvard, N. T. (Boston, 1869; from Teschendorf's text; Prof. Noyes also published translations of Job, 1827, Psalms, 1831, the Prophets, 1833, and Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, and Canticles, 1846); J. N. Darby, N. T. (2d ed., London, 1872); J. B. Rotherham, N. T. (London, 1872; from text of Tregelles, with introduction and notes); Samuel Davidson, N. T. (London, 1875; from Tischendorf's text, with introduction); J. B. McClellan, Gospels (London, 1875; based on A. V. with a " critically revised " text); Julia E. Smith, entire Bible (Hartford, 1876); The Revised English Bible (O. T. by F. W. Gotch and Benjamin Davies, N. T. by G. A. Jacob and S. G. Green, London, 1877; with notes, tables, and maps); The Sunday School Centenary Bible, by T. K. Cheyne, R. L. Clarke, S. R. Driver, A. Goodwin, and W. Sanday (London, 1880; republished, 1882, as The Variorum Teacher's Bible). The American Bible Union, formed in 1850 (see Bible Societies, III, 2), undertook an English version which should reflect Baptist views in the language used, and published the N. T. (2d revision, New York and London, 1869) and certain books of the O. T. Since 1882 the work has been continued by the American Baptist Publication Society of Philadelphia and is now nearing completion. Among the scholars who have collaborated in this version are John A. Broadus, T. J. Conant, H. B. Hackett, William R. Harper, Alvah Hovey, A. C. Kendrick, Ira M. Price, J. R. Sampey, and B. C. Taylor. A present day tendency is represented by The Bible in Modern English, translated direct from the original languages by Ferrar Fenton, with critical introduction and notes (St. Paul's eqistles, London, 1S94; N. T. complete, 1895; O. T., 1903). The following are by Roman Catholics: John Caryll, a layman, secretary to the queen of James II and intimately associated with the family of James, the Psalms (St. Germains, 1700; a prose version from the Vulgate taking Bellarmine as a guide); Cornslius Nary, parish priest of St. Michan's, Dublin, The X T . newly Translated out of the Latin Vulgate (Dublin, 1718; has annotations and notes); Robert Witham, president at Douai, Annotations on the K. T. (2 vols., Douai, 1730; explains the " literal sense," " examines and disproves " false interpretations, and gives " an account of the chief differences betwixt the text of the ancient Latin version and the Greek "); " Troy's Bible " (Dublin, 1791 ; ed. the Rev. Bernard MacMahon, who had already edited three annotated editions of the Reims N. T.; this Bible is annotated and the text of the N. T. differs considerably from Challoner; the name comes from J. T. Troy, titular archbishop of Dublin, who approved the work); Alexander Geddes, Genesis-II Chronicles and the Prayer of Manasses (2 vols., London, 1792- 1797) and Psalms i-cviii (1807; see Geddes, Alexander); the " Newcastle N. T." (1812; differs from every other
known edition in the Gospels and Acts); John Lingard, A New Version of the Four Gospels (London, 1836; for the most part from the Greek; has notes); F. P. Kenrick, bishop of Philadelphia, later archbishop of Baltimore, N. T. (2 vols., New York, 1849-51; " a revision of the Rhemish translation with notes "); F. A. Spencer, O. P., N. T. (New York, 1898 sqq.; from the Greek). The work of Bishop Challoner has been referred to above (§ 5).
The following are certain rare and curious editions of the English Bible with the passage or fact which gives to each its name. The Breeches Bible: the Geneva Bible of 1560; Gen. iii, 7 reads " They sewed fig leaves together and made themselves breeches " (also in Wyclif); the Bug Bible: an edition of the Matthew Bible in 1551; Ps.
9. Rare xci, 5 reads " So that thou shalt not nede and to be afraid for any bugges [i.e., bogies] by
Curious night " (also in Coverdale and Taverner);
Editions, the Caxton Memorial Bible: Oxford, 1877; printed and bound in 100 copies in twelve hours; the Discharge Bible: London, 1802; I Tim. v, 21, " I discharge [for charge] thee before God"; the Ears to Ear Bible: Oxford, 1807; Matt, xiii, 43, " Who hath ears to ear " (also has " gowd works " for " dead works " in Heb. ix, 14); the Goose Bible: Dort editions of the Geneva Bible, because the Dort press had a goose as its emblem; the He and She Bibles: the first and the second folio editions of the version of 1611; in Ruth iii, 15, the former reads " He measured six measures of barley and laid it on her: and he went into the city "; the latter " and she went into the city "; both issues were used by printers as copy until in and after 1614 all have " she " (cf. the Revised Version, text and margin); the Leda Bible: the first Bishops' Bible (1568): it used a series of initial letters prepared for Ovid's Metamorphoses and that for the Epistle to the Hebrews represented Leda and the swan (also called the Treacle Bible, see below); the Murderers' Bible: has " murderers " for " murmurers " in Jude 16, also other misprints; the Placemakers' Bible: the second edition of the Geneva Bible (1562); has " placemakers " for " peacemakers " in Matt, v, 9; the Rebekah Bible: London, 1823; Gen. xxiv, 61, " And Rebekah arose and her camels " (for " damsels "); the Rosin Bible: the first Douai Bible (1609-10); Jer. viii, 22, " Is there no rosin in Gilead?" (A. V. "balm"); the Standing Fishes Bible: London, 1806; Ezek. xlvii, 10, " The fishes [for fishers] shall stand upon it " ; (the error was repeated in editions of 1813 and 1823); the Thumb Bible: Aberdeen, 1670; it is about one inch square and half an inch thick; the To Remain Bible: Cambridge, 1805; Gal. iv, 29, " Persecuted him that was born after the Spirit to remain even so it is now " (the words " to remain " had been written on the proof in answer to a query whether or not a comma should be deleted; the error was retained in an edition printed for the Bible Society in 1805-06 and in an edition of 1819); the Treacle Bible: the first Bishops' Bible (1568; also called the Leda Bible, see above); Jer. viii, 22, " Is there no tryacle in Gilead " (cf. the Rosin Bible); the Vinegar Bible: Oxford, 1716-17; has " vinegar " for " vineyard " as the heading to Luke xx (it was printed by J. Baskett, and though the most sumptuous of the Oxford Bibles, soon came to be styled " a basketful of printer's errors "); the Wicked Bible: London, 1631; the negative was left out of the seventh commandment (it was printed by the king's printer and there were four editions in the same year; all were suppressed and the printer was fined £300); another Wicked Bible (London, 1653) makes Paul ask, I Cor. vi, 9, " Know ye not that the unrighteous shall inherit the kingdom of God? " the Wife-Hater Bible: Oxford, 1810; Luke xiv, 26, " If any man come to me and hate not his father yea, and his own wife [for life]
also, he can not be my disciple." The list of misprints might be greatly extended. A Cambridge Bible of 1629, printed and proof-read with great care, introduced " thy doctrine " for " the doctrine " in I Tim. iv, 16, and the error reappeared for many years. An Edinburgh octavo of 1637 has, Jer. iv, 17, " because she hath been religious [rebellious] against me." Perhaps the finest Bible ever printed at Cambridge (1638) has a famous error in Acts vi, 3, which is said to have cost Cromwell £1,000 as a bribe — " whom ye [for we] may appoint." Cotton Mather relates that a Bible printed before 1702 made David complain in Ps. cxix, 161, " Printers [princes] have persecuted me without a cause." The " wicked " Bible of 1631 does not furnish the only instance of an infelicitous omission of a negative; an Edinburgh Bible of 1760 reads, Heb. ii, 16,