RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Buddhism Buell
books on the subject, while reference may be made for more complete bibliographies to the works of Kern and Aiken mentioned below.
General works and Indian( Buddhism: K. Koppen, Die Religion des Buddha, Berlin, 1857-59; Barthelemy Saint- Hilaire, Le Bouddha et sa Religion, Paris, 1860; R. Hardy, Manual of Buddhism in its Modern Development, London, I860' E. Burnouf, Introduction a I'histoire du Bouddhisme Indien, Paris, 1876; H. Oldenberg, Buddha, sein Leben, seine Lehre, seine Gemeinde, Berlin, 1897, Eng. transl. by W. Hoey, London, 1882; E. Senart, Essai sur la legende du Bouddha, Paris, 1882; M. Williams, Buddhism in its Connection with Brahmanism and Hinduism and its Contrast with Christianity, London, 1889; T. W. Rhys Davids, Buddhism, its History and Literature, New York, 1896; idem, Buddhism, London, 1899; H. Kern, Geschiedenis van het Buddhisme in Indie, Haarlem, 1884; idem, Manual of Indian Buddhism, Strasburg, 1896; E. Hardy, Der Buddhismus nach alteren Pali-Werken, Miinster, 1890; idem, Buddha, Leipsic, 1903; R. Copleston, Buddhism, Primitive and Present, in Magadha and Ceylon, London, 1892; K. Neumann, Buddhistische Anthologie, Berlin, 1892; idem, Die Reden des Gotama Buddhas, Leipsic, 1S97; idem, Theragatha und Therigatha, Berlin, 1899; H. Warren, Buddhism in Translation, Cambridge, Mass., 1896; J. Dahlmann, Buddha, Berlin, 1898; and for special topics consult, among other works: S. Hardy, Eastern Monachism, London, 1860; A. Bastian, Der Buddhismus in seiner Psychologie, Berlin, 1882; idem, Der Buddhismus als religions-philosophisches System, ib. 1893; J. Dahlmann, Nirvana, ib. 1896; W. St. C. Tisdall, The Noble Eightfold Path, London, 1903; A. Menzies, The Religions of India, Brahmanism and Buddhism, ib. 1904.
Exceedingly important for the legendary development of Buddhism is the Jataka: or Stories of the Buddha's Former Births, Pali text edited with its commentary by V. Fausboll, 8 vols., London, 1877-97; translation by various hands edited by E. B. Cowell, vols, i.-v., ib. 1895— 1005. Consult also Portfolio of Buddhist Art, Historical and Modern, Chicago, 1S06 (a collection of 31 plates).
Extra-Indian Buddhism: H. Alabaster, The Wheel of the Law, London, 1871; P. Bigandet, The Life or Legend of Gaudama, the Buddha of the Burmese, ib. 1880; E. Schlagintweit, Buddhism in Tibet, Leipsic, 1863; W. Rockhill, The Life of the Buddha, London, 1884; L. A. Waddell, The Buddhism of Tibet or Lamaism, ib. 1895 (contains bibliography, pp. 578-583); A. Grunwedel, Mythohgie des Buddhismus in Tibet und der Mongolei, Leipsic, 1900; J. Edkins, Chinese Buddhism, London, 1880; S. Beal, Buddhism in China, ib. 1884; idem, Si-yu-H, Buddhist Records of the Western World, from the Chinese, ib. 1906; B. Nanjio, Twelve Japanese Buddhist Sects, Tokyo, 1887; R. Fujishima, Le Bouddhisme Japonais, Paris 1887.
Buddhism and Christianity: R. Seydel, Das Evangelium von Jesus in seinen V erhaltnissen zu Buddha-Sage und Buddha-Lehre, Leipsic, 1882; idem, Die Buddha-Legendeund das Leben Jesu, ib. ed. 1897; Rhys Davids, Buddhism and Christianity, London, 1888; R. Falke, Buddha, Mohammed und Christus, Giitersloh, 1900; C. Aiken, The Dhamma of Gotama the Buddha and the Gospel of Jesus the Christ, Boston, 1900; A. Bertholet, Buddhismus und Christentum, Tubingen, 1902.
Reference may also be made to the general works on comparative religion and the religions of India, especially E. Hopkins, Religions of India, Boston, 1895, pp. 298- 347; Chantepie de la Saussaye, Lehrbuch der Religionsgeschichte, 3d ed., Freiburg, 1905; C. von Orelli, Allgemeine Religionsgeschichte, pp. 448-493, Bonn, 1899, and the bibliographies there given.
BUDE, bu"de', GUILLAUME : French humanist; b. at Paris 1467; d. there Aug. 23, 1540. He studied law at Orleans, and, after leading a dissipated life for several years, began to apply himself to Greek, philosophy, theology, and science. Well received at court, he was repeatedly entrusted with diplomatic missions to Rome. On Aug. 21, 1522, Francis I. appointed him librarian of the royal library at Fontainebleau and royal councilor, and it was owing to Bude's initiative that the king
enlarged the Royal Library of Paris and also the Royal College, which afterward became the College de France. Long before Luther, Bude had felt the necessity of reforms in the Church, but, like many scholars and bishops of his day, he feared a rupture with Rome. Among his numerous works, special mention may be made of the following: De Asse et partibus ejus (Paris, 1514); De Studio bonarum litterarum recte et commode instituendo (1527); Conimentarii lingua; graces (1529); De transitu Hellenismi ad Christianismum (1535); Forensia quibus vulgares et vere latince jurisconsultorum loquendi formula; dantur (1548); and Lexicon grcecolatinum (Geneva, 1554 etc.). G. Bonet-Matjry.
Bibliography: The best account of his life is by E. de Bude", Vie de Guillaume Bude, Paris, 1884. Consult also E. and E. Haag, La France protestante, ed. H. L. Bordier, ib. 1877-86; Rebitte\ G. Bude, essai historique, Paris, 1846; A. Moquet, Les Seigneurs de Marly, Paris, 1882.
BUDER, bu'der, PAUL VON: German Protestant; b. at Leutkirch (40 m. s. of Ulm) Feb. 15, 1836. He was educated at the University of Tubingen (Ph.D., 1858), and, after being lecturer at the theological seminary attached to that institution from 1861 to 1865, was successively deacon and inspector of schools at Backnang from 1865 to 1868 and second court-preacher, as well as assistant in the consistory and a member of the theological examining board, in Stuttgart from 1868 to 1872. In the latter year he became associate professor of dogmatics and New Testament exegesis and supervisor of the theological seminary of the University of Tubingen, where he was full professor from 1877. Retired from active duties, 1910. He has written Ueber die apologetische Aufgabe der Theologie der Gegenwart (Tubingen, 1876).
BUECHNER, bim'ner, GOTTFRIED, get'frid. German Lutheran theologian; b. at Riidersdorf (the district of Saxe-Altenburg) 1701; d. at Querfurt (18 m. w. of Merseburg) 1780. He studied at Jena, and lectured there from 1725 until he was called as rector to Querfurt. where he died. He is best known as the author of Biblische Real- und Verbal-Hand-Concordanz (Jena, 1740; 23d ed., Berlin, 1899; ed. H. L. Heubner, Philadelphia, 1871). A list of Biichner's other theological works is given in Jocher and Adelungs Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexikon, s.v.
BUECHSEL, buH'sel, KARL: German Lutheran theologian: b. at Schonfeld (a suburb of Prenzlau, 71 m. n.n.e. of Potsdam) May 2. 1803; d. at Berlin Aug. 14, 1889. After completing his studies, he became minister in his native place, superintendent at Briisson, and in 1846 pastor of St. Matthew's at Berlin. In 1853 he was made superintendent general, but retired from the ministry in 1884. He belonged to the most prominent and influential preachers of the German capital, and was the author of Erinnerungen aus dem Leben eines Landgeistlichen (5 vols., Berlin, 1888-97), which went through many editions.
BUELL, MARCUS DARIUS: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Wayland, N. Y., Jan. 1, 1851. He was educated at New York University (B.A., 1872) and the Boston University School of Theology
Bug- Bible Bulgaria