RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Canaan Canada
xv. (1893), pp. lxvii.-lxx. (on the etymology); J. Benzinger, Hebraische Archaologie, § 12, Freiburg, 1894; E. Schrader, Das Land Amurru, in Sitzungsberichte der Berliner Akademie, Dec. 20, 1894; idem, KAT, Index a.w. "Amoriter," "Amurru," " Kanaan "; J. F. Mc- Curdy, History, Prophecy and the Monuments, vols, i.-ii., New York, 1895-96; F. Buhl, Geographie des alten Palestine!, § 46, Tubingen, 1896; F. Hommel, The Ancient Hebrew Tradition, London, 1897; G. A. Smith, Historical Geography of the Holy Land, pp. 4-5, ib. 1897 (on the etymology); L. B. Paton, Early History of Syria and Palestine, New York, 1901 (an antidote for the works of Sayce and Hommel); W. Erbt, Die Hebraer. Kanaan im Zeitalter der hebraischen Wanderung und hebraischen Staatengriindungen, Leipsic, 1906; H. Vincent, Canaan d'apres I 'exploration recente, Paris, 1907; DB, i. 347-348; EB, i. 638-643. The literature on the Amarna Tablets usually discusses the subject.
CANADA: A country of North America occupying tbe entire continent north of the United States except Alaska; area, 3,745,574 square miles; population (1901), 5,371,315 (estimated in 1909 at 6,100,000).
The Dominion of Canada, the official designation of the country, was formed in 1867 by a confederation of the eastern provinces of Upper and Lower Canada (now Ontario and Quebec), New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia, the coalition being recognised by an Act of Parliament of the mother country. A governor-general, appointed by the king of England, and a privy council administer the government. The legislative power is a parliament consisting of a senate, whose members are appointed for life by the crown on nomination of the ministry, and a house of commons Political elected every five years at the longest. Divisions The Dominion now comprises, in adand Gov- dition to the provinces already named, ernment. Manitoba (admitted 1870), British Columbia (1871), Prince Edward Island (1873), Alberta (1905), Saskatchewan (1905), and the Northwest Territories comprising the districts of Assiniboia, Athabasca, Keewatin, Yukon, Mackenzie, Ungava, and Franklin. Each province has its own " lieutenant-governor," executive council, and legislative assembly. Nearly three-quarters of the entire population is in the two provinces of Ontario and Quebec, and almost ninety per cent in the five eastern provinces. The increase during the last decade was a little more than eleven per cent. There is no State Church, but the Roman Catholics of Quebec are guaranteed the privileges which they enjoyed previous to the English occupation.
The Frenchman Jacques Cartier took possession of the Labrador region in the name of his king in 1534, and in 1535-36 he ascended the St. Lawrence as far as Montreal. The first permanent settlement was at Quebec in 1608 under the lead of Champlain. The gain in French History colonists was slow, and the stream and flowed westward toward the Missis- Statistics, sippi. English conquest and the peace of 1763 brought Canada under English control. The English and Protestant inhabitants were considerably increased by immigration of English loyalists from the United States after 1783, and the Roman Catholics received a large increment during the nineteenth century by
immigration from Ireland; the French population also was augmented after 1871 by a noteworthy number of Alsatians.
The following is the table of religious statistics from the census of 1901:
Adventists
Agnostics, Atheists,
etc
Anglicans
Baptists
Baptists, Free
Brethren
Buddhists
Catholic Apostolic
(Irvingites)
Christadelphians. . .
Christians
Christian Scientists. Church of Christ. . . Church of God. .. .
Confucians
Congregationalists. .
Deists
Disciples
Dukhobors
Evangelicals
Friends (Quakers).
Greek Church
Holiness Movement
(Hornerites)
Jews
8,058
Latter-day Saints
(Mormons)
6,891
3,613
Lutherans
92,524
680,620
Mennonites
31,797
292,189
Methodists
916,886
24,288
Mohammedans
8,014
New Church (Swe-
10,407
denborgians). . . .
Non-sectarian
No Religion
4,810
1,030
15,107
6,900
Plymouth Brethren
2,774
2,619
842,442
2,264
11,612
Reformed Episco-
5,115
87i
28,293
Roman Catholics... 2,229, L0 )
Salvation Army. . . .
10,308
14,900
8,775
10,193
1,528
4,100
1,934
15,630
United Brethren. . .
4,701
2,589
2,775
43,222
16,401
Various Sects....
2,795
The Roman Catholics constitute 41.5 per cent of the entire population. They are most numerous in Quebec (1,429,260; 86.7 per cent of the population of the province); in Ontario their number is 390,304 (1.8 per cent). The total number of Protestants is about 3,000,000 (56.2 per cent). Nearly all of the Buddhists and Confucians are in British Columbia, whither they have come as a result of the active trade with eastern Asia. The adherents of the Greek Church are mostly immigrants from Russia to Manitoba, Alberta, and Assiniboia; the Dukhobors (q.v.), who may be regarded as a schismatic branch of this Church, are in Assiniboia and Saskatchewan. Of the Jews almost half (7,498) are in Quebec and 5,321 in Ontario. Nearly all the Mormons are in Ontario (3,377) and Alberta (3,212). Of the Mennonites, 15,246 are in Manitoba, 12,208 in Ontario, and 3,683 in Saskatchewan. The " pagans " are the Eskimos and unconverted Indians; according to some authorities their number is much larger than that given by the census. All the large denominations are actively engaged in missionary work in the wide domain of Canada, operating through permanent stations and itinerant missionaries. The Roman Catholic Church has from the first been particularly successful in this work, and the majority of the Indians converted to Christianity belong to this Church. The " various sects " are 110 in number and include seventy-nine which reported less than ten members each.
The Roman Catholic Church in Canada dates from the discovery. Huguenots were allowed to settle, only on conditions that soon proved fatal to their religion. In 1615 three Recollect priests settled in Quebec, forming the earliest regular establishment. In 1625 the Jesuits arrived, and began their missionary and educational labors. In 1657
Canada Candlish