RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Carpzov Carroll
He was educated at the university of his native city, where he was appointed associate professor in 1747, but was called in the following year as professor of Greek to Helmstadt, and in 1757 became abbot of Konigslutter. Adhering to the orthodoxy of bis family, he was commissioned by the duke to save the reputation of the university, endangered by the rationalism of Albrecht Teller, and he accordingly published his Liber doctrinalis theologian purioris (Brunswick, 1768). His philological learning was shown in his editions of the classics and in his Sacrce exercitationes in epistolam ad Hebrozos ex Philone Alexandrino (Helmstadt, 1750); Strictures theological in epistolam S. Pauli ad Romanos (1756); and Epistolarum catholicarum septenarius (Halle, 1790). His lectures, which he delivered in Latin, were devoted to classics, the New Testament, patristics, and Dolscius's Greek translation of the Augsburg Confession.
(Georg Mueller.)
Bibliography: On the family consult: ADB, iv. 10-26; R. Stintzing, Geschichte der deutschen Rechtswissenschaft, i. 723, ii. 56, Munich, 1880. On Benedikt Carpzov consult: K. Rieker, Die rechtliche Stellung der evangelischen Kirche Deutschlands, pp. 218-220, Leipsic, 1893. On Johann the Elder consult: A. H. Kreysig, Album der evangelisch-lutherischen Geistlichen in Sachsen, pp.
265-267, Dresden, 1883; T. Spizel, Vetus academia Jesu Christi, pp. 227-233, Augsburg, 1671. On Johann the Younger consult: H. Pipping, Sacer decadum septenarius memoriam theologorum . . , pp. 763-784, Leipsic, 1705; K. Rieker, ut sup., pp. 220-222; A. H. Kreysig, ut sup., pp. 265, 277. On Samuel Benedikt consult: J. A. Gleich, Annalium ecclesiasticorum, ii. 522-550, Dresden, 1730; G. L. Zeissler, Geschichte der sachsischen Oberhofprediger, pp. 111-119, Leipsic, 1856. On Johann Gottlob consult: A. H. Kreysig, ut sup., pp. 108, 266; L. Diestel, Geschichte des Alten Testaments in der christlichen Kirche, p. 352, Jena, 1869. On Johann Benedikt consult: F. Koldewey, Geschichte der klassischen Philologie, pp. 165-168, Brunswick, 1897 (gives further literature).
CARRANZA, car-ron'tha, BARTOLOME: Archbishop of Toledo; b. at Miranda (175 m. n.e. of Madrid), Navarre, 1503; d. at Rome May 2, 1576. He entered the order of the Dominicans and from 1528 lectured on philosophy and scholastic theology at Alcala, afterward at Valladolid. Charles V. offered him the bishopric of Cuzco in Peru, but he declined. At the request of the emperor he took part in the deliberations of the Council of Trent after 1546, and insisted that the bishops should reside in their own dioceses. Strange to say, Carranza came into conflict with the Roman theologians because he asserted that the bishops had their rights jure divino, not by papal appointment. When the council was suspended he might have gone to Flanders as confessor of the infante Philip, but he declined this influential position to work in Spain as provincial of his order. He accompanied Philip to England (1554) when the latter was married to Mary Tudor, and shared in the persecution of the Protestants there. For this he was rewarded by Philip in 1557 and made archbishop of Toledo, which proved the culmination of his career. When Charles V was dying (1558), Carranza gave him the sacrament. His opponents circulated the report that the emperor had not died in the faith of the Church and that thia was owing to Carranza. The Inquisition had state-
ments made by prisoners, which offered sufficient material to justify intervention, and his enemies, especially the inquisitor-general Valdez and Melchior Cano, called attention to his catechism (Comentarios del reverendissimo Fray Bartolome Carranza sobreel Catechismo Christiano, Antwerp, 1558), which contained anything but Protestant doctrines, but deviated in some expressions from the Roman tradition. Carranza was imprisoned, his papers were confiscated, and some further material for charges was found. The examinations of Protestants in Valladolid which he held in 1558 and 1559 were especially scrutinized, and it was found that on the doctrine of justification and purgatory he had made oral statements which were not Catholic. In spite of his appeal to the pope, the Spanish Inquisition kept him in prison eight years .and when he was transferred in 1567 to Rome at the behest of Pius V. he was kept there under examination nine years longer. The Roman process ended with a solemn abjuration of fourteen statements especially taken from his writings and with canonical punishment. He was suspended for five years and died in Rome without returning to Spain. The court of inquisition had overcome in his person the highest episcopal dignitary, but Gregory XIII. allowed a laudatory epitaph to be set up in Santa Maria sopra Minerva. K. Benrath.
Bibliography: Carranza's most noted work, Summa conciliorum et pontificum (a church history to Julius III.), was published at Venice, 1546 and often. His life, by H. Laugwitz, Bartholomeo Carranza, Erzbischof von Toledo, was published at Kempten, 1870. Consult also: J. Que'tif and J. Echard, Scriptores ordinis prcedicatorum, vol. ii., Paris, 1721; F. H. Reusch, Der Index der verbotenen Bilcher, i. 254, 398, 588 et passim, Bonn, 1883; Moeller, Christian Church, iii. 317; H. C. Lea, Inquisition in Spain, ii. 45-87, iv. 15, 486, 502, New York, 1906.
CARRASCO, car-rSs'co, ANTONIO: Spanish Protestant; b. in Malaga Jan. 19, 1843: lost with the steamer " Ville du Havre " Nov. 22, 1873, while returning home from the Sixth General Conference of the Evangelical Alliance held in New York Oct., 1873. He was converted at sixteen and joined a band of Bible-readers in Malaga connected with Manuel Matamoros (q.v.); was imprisoned for two years (1860-62), and then condemned to the galleys for a term of nine years, but at the solicitation of the Evangelical Alliance, supported by representations of the Prussian government, the sentence was changed to banishment (1863). He studied theology in Geneva; on the downfall of Queen Isabella in 1868 he returned to Spain and undertook the work of evangelization; at the time of his death he was pastor of the Free Church in Madrid, with a membership of 700, and president of the Protestant Synod of Spain.
Bibliography: A brief sketch of his life may be found in the History, etc., of the Sixth General Conference of the Evangelical Alliance, p. 764, New York, 1874.
CARROLL, HENRY KING: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Dennisville, N. J., Nov. 15, 1848. He was self-taught, and early entered journalism, being successively editor of the Havre Republican, Havre, Md. (1868-69), and assistant editor of The Methodist, New York (1869-70), and of the
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