REIJGJOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Carus
Caselius
CARY, HENRY FRANCIS : Translator of Dante; b. at Gibraltar Dec. 6, 1772; d. in London Aug. 14, 1844. He studied at Christ Church, Oxford (M.A., 1796), took orders, and became vicar of Abbot's Bromley, Staffordshire. In 1800 he removed to Kingsbury, Warwickshire, and after 1807 lived in London. He was assistant keeper of printed books in the British Museum, 1826-37. His translation of Dante was begun in May, 1800, and finished twelve years later; the Inferno was published in 1805 and the completed work in 1814. It attracted little attention at first, but was commended by Coleridge in his lectures in 1818, and Southey afterward pronounced it " one of the most masterly productions in modern times." Four editions were issued during Gary's life, and it still remains the standard translation in English blank verse.
Bibliography: Henry Cary, Memoir of Rev. H. F. Cary, 2 vols., London, 1847; DNB, ix. 242-244.
CARYL, JOSEPH : English Independent clergyman; b. in London 1602; d. there Mar. 10, 1673. He studied at Exeter College, Oxford, and became preacher at Lincoln's Inn; was appointed minister of St. Magnus' Church near London Bridge, 1645; ejected by the Act of Uniformity, 1662, but gathered a new congregation and continued to preach in the same neighborhood. He was a member of the Westminster Assembly and one of the triers for the approbation of ministers in 1653. He is remembered for his Exposition with Practical Observations on the Book of Job (12 vols., 4to, London, 1664—66; 2d ed., 2 vols., folio, 1676-77; abridged ed. by Berne, Edinburgh, 1836).
CASALI DEL DRAGO, ca-sa'li del dra'go, GIO- VANNI, jo-van'ni, BAPTISTA, bap-tis'ta: Cardinal; b. at Rome Jan. 30, 1838. He was educated at the Roman Seminary, and was ordained to the priesthood in 1860. Six years later he was appointed chamberlain by Pope Pius IX., and was then canon successively of the Lateran (1867-71) and of St. Peter's (1871-78). In 1878 he became domestic prelate, and in 1895 Leo XIII. created him titular Latin patriarch of Constantinople. He received the cardinal's hat in 1899, being created cardinal priest with the title of Santa Maria della Victoria. Died at Rome Mar. 17, 1908.
CASANAS Y PAGES, ca-sa'nyas i pa-Hez', SAL- VATORE, sal"va-to're: Cardinal, b. at Barcelona, Spain, Sept. 5, 1834. He was educated in his native city, and in 1879 was consecrated titular bishop of Keramus and seven months later became bishop of Urgel. In 1901 he was translated to Barcelona, and in 1895 created cardinal priest of Santi Quirico e Giulitta. Died Sept. 27, 1908.
CASAS, BARTOLOME DE LAS. See Las Casas.
CASAUBON, ca-so'ben or ca"zo"ben', ISAAC: Scholar; b. in Geneva Feb. 18, 1559; d. in London July 12, 1614. His father was a poor Huguenot preacher, who could give his son little education, nevertheless he came to be considered the most learned man in Europe after Joseph Scaliger. He was professor of Greek at Geneva, 1582-96, at Montpellier, 1596-99; in 1600 he went to Paris, II.— 28
where he might have been professor in the university if he had embraced Roman Catholicism; this, however, he refused to do, although he offended the rigid Calvinists by denying their extreme positions. He was given a pension by Henry IY. (1600), and in 1604 became sublibrarian of the royal library. In 1610 he went to England, where he was well received by King James and the Anglican bishops and was made prebendary of Canterbury and Westminster. His works belong for the most part to the field of classical scholarship, but he edited a Greek New Testament (Geneva, 1587), and published some minor pamphlets of theological interest; his criticism of the Annates of Baronius, begun at the request of King James, was left unfinished. His letters (in Latin), with life, were published by D'Almeloveen (Rotterdam, 1709); his diary, Ephemerides, ed. Russell, was printed at Oxford, 1850.
Bibliography: Mark Pattison, Isaac Casaubon, London, 1875, 2d ed., by Nettleship, 1892.
CASELIUS, ca-se'li-us, JOHANNES, yo-han'es: German scholar; b. at Gottingen 1533; d. at Helmstadt Apr. 9, 1613. He belonged to the Dutch family of Chessel, which during the Reformation period had emigrated on account of its faith. His father, Matthias Bracht von Chessel, found a refuge at Gottingen and became a teacher there. Johannes studied at Wittenberg under Melanchthon and at Leipsic under Joachim Camerarius. Under their guidance he became one of the most distinguished humanists of Germany; he was made a doctor of law at Pisa in 1566, and was ennobled in 1567 by the emperor Maximilian IL From 1563 to 1589 he labored at Rostock and then accepted a call to Helmstadt. He enjoyed there the favor of his prince, Duke Henry Julius of Brunswick, and the fame of his learning made him a kind of European celebrity. But the orthodox theologians in the university, who opposed Melanchthonianism, soon attacked Caselius. The leader of the orthodox was Professor Daniel Hoffmann (q.v.), who considered all use of reason and philosophy in theology as dangerous, because the revealed truth is injured thereby. In this and similar tendencies Caselius saw the approach of a new barLarkm, and he was not far wrong. lie had the encouragement of a few bright pupil3, including the young Georg Calixtus (q.v.), and comforting messages came to him from friends abroad. But unfortunately his material circumstances became more and more wretched, and for this reason his life ended in discord and darkness. In the barbarism which came over Germany with the Thirty Years' War his numerous writings, distinguished by spirited contents and elegant form., were soon almost forgotten. As far as they are printed, they can only be found in larger libraries. They refer to Greek authors, ancient grammar, hermeneutics, and rhetoric, as well as to pedagogics and political science. Caselius was the first to separate political science from the Roman jurisprudence and raise it to a distinct discipline.
Paul Tschackeet.
Bibliography: For the letters consult: J. a Draesfeld, Opus cpistolicum I. Caselii, Frankfort, 1687; Common-
Caspari Cassianus