RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Concordances
Real- und Verbal-Concordanz, Basel, 1770; Gottfried Joachim Wichmann, Biblische Handconcordanz. Nebst Vorrede von Christian Wilhelm Franz Walch, Dessau and Leipsic, 1782; 2d ed., thoroughly wrought over, Leipsic, 1796; new unchanged ed., with preface by Kindervater, Leipsic, 1806; Heinrich Schott, Biblische Handconcordanz, Leipsic, 1827; Biblische Hand-Concordanz, 1841, 2d much enlarged ed., Leipsic, 1847; Frank Julius Bernhard, pastor at Magdeborn near Leipsic, Biblische Concordanz oder dreijaches Register iXbcr Spriiche im Allgemeinen, iiber Textstellen fur besondere Fdlle und iiber Sachen, Namen und Worte der von Dr Lnither vhersetzten heiligen Schrift, Leipsic, 1850, 1851; 2d thoroughly revised ed., 1857; 7th reprint, Dresden, 1888; Calwer Bibelkonkordanz oder vollstdndiges biblisches Wortregister. Nach der revidirten Luther Uebersetzung, Calw and Stuttgart, 1893.
VI. English Concordances (cf. M. C. Hazard, in Walker's Concordance): The Concordance of the New Testament, apparently by John Day helped by the printer Thomas Gybson, came out undated, but before 1540. John Marbeck published: A Concordance for the whole Bible, London, 1550. Walter Lynne translated Conrad Pellican's Index Librorum [Zurich, 1537]; A brief and a compendious Table, in the Manner of a Concordance, London, 1550. Robert F Herrey made Two Right Profitable and Fruitfull Concordances, London, 1578, and his printer, Christopher Barker, published A Concordance by J . W., London, 1579. Clement Cotton prepared a larger work, London (1618 sqq.?), 1625, from the Geneva New Testament; 1627, from the Old Testament; 1631, from the whole Bible. John Downame made a summary of this at Cotton's wish, London, 1635, again 1689. Richard Bernard made a Thesaurus biblicus, London (?), 1644, and Robert Wickens, A Compleat and Perfect Concordance, Oxford, 1647; 1655. Samuel Newman, who went to New England in 1636 or 1638, published: A Large and Complete Concordance, on the basis of Cotton, London, 1643; 2d ed., 1650; 3d ed., 1658 (in this the Apocrypha); then 1662, only with Newman's initials S. N.; and finally as the Cambridge Concordance, 1720, without Newman's name. Mulbing issued one, London, 1666. John Jackson wrote a short concordance (Cambridge), 1668; John Owen, London, 1673; and Samuel Clark, 1696. Craden's Concordance^ came out in 1737 and has often been repubhshed in various forms, for example, by John Butterworth, Philadelphia, 1867; John Brown, London, 1816; C. S. Carey, London, 1867; John Eadie, with preface by David King, New York, 1850; with preface by Joel Hawes, Hartford, 1867; Cole; Hawker; David King, Boston, 1845; Alfred Jones, London, about 1855; Smith, Youngman, and Thomas Taylor, Brooklyn, 1809. Robert Young's Analytical Concordance, Edinburgh, 1873, also 1881, added the Hebrew and Greek original words. James Bradford Richmond Walker's Comprehensive Concordance with an Introduction by Marshall tustiss Hazard, leaves unimportant matter out, yet contains 50,000 more passages than Cruden; it appeared Boston and Chicago, 1894; James Strong, ni.-l4
Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible ; also brief dictionaries of the Hebrew and Greek words of the original, with reference to the English words. New York, 1894 (takes in every word).
VII. French Concordances : Only Protestant ones are given. Concordance de la Bible, Geneva, 1566; Marc Wilks, Concordances des Saintes Elcritures, Paris, 1840; W. B. Mackensie, Concordance for the Osterwald translation, Paris, 1867, again 1874; Dictionnaire des concordances des Saintes Ecritures d'apres la version du Dr. Segond, Lausanne, 1886.
VIII. Dutch Concordances: Peder Janz Twisck, a Mennonite, published a concordance to the Flemish Luther-Bible, Hoorn, 1615; then Sebastian Dranck, Haarlem, 1618, and again 1648. Jan Martin (van Dantzigs? from Danzig ?) began a Flemish concordance, and Abraham van der Trommen finished it before his Greek one: Nederlandsche Concordantie des Bijbels, Groningen, 1685-92; Leeuwarden, 1754. H. Valse issued Kleyne concordantie, The Hague, 1704.
IX. Danish Concordances: E. Ewald, Copenhagen, 1748, 1749; E. Levinsen, Verbal-Concordans eller Bibel-Ordbog til det Nye Testamente, Copenhagen, 1856.
X. Swedish Concordances: According to Le Long, Achaz Rahamb translated a German concordance, of wbich the letter A was published in Stockholm about 1709. Lorenz Holenius (Halenius?), Svensk-Hebraisk og Svensk-Grekisk concordans over G. og N Testam., Stockholm, 1734, 1742.
XI. Syriac Concordances: Carl Schaaf, Lexicon Syriacum concordantiale omnes Ni. Ti. Syriaci voces
complectens, Leyden, 1709.
XII. Topical Indexes: Cf. C. Mangenot, in Vigowcou'x's Dictionnaire de la bible, ii. 892-905, Paris, 1899. Many of the concordances named above were at the same time more or less topical, the concordance of the words being the best concordance of the subjects. The topical indexes go back to the work of Antony of Padua (1195-1231), whose Concordantice morales ss. biblice seem to be contained in the library of the University of Leipsic, MS. Lat. 102, leaf 1-1 23r, with possibly a fragment in MS. Lat. 543 (5). It was often printed, as for example, Venice, 1575; Rome, 1621, again 1623 (?); by De la Haye, Paris, 1641; Cologne, 1647 Franz Lukas Wading (cf. Mangenot) added to Antony a sermon-prompter by an Irish monk of the thirteenth century, and something similar was printed at Paris, 1497. A great many indexes could be added to this book of Antony's, for example Conrad Pellican's, Zurich, 1537; Peter Patiens, in Landau, Frankfort, 1571; Jan Harlems, in the Antwerp Polyglotte, viii., Antwerp, 1572; Anton Broickwy von Koninsteyn, Cologne, 1550; Paris, 1551 and 1554; William Allot, Antwerp, 1581, 2d ed., 1585; Anton von Balinghem, Douai, 1621; Cologne, 1659; Trevoux, 1705; Lyons, 1711; Eulard, Antwerp, 1625; Philip Paul Merz after Allot, Augsburg, 1731, 1738, 1751, 1791; Venice, 1758, 1818; Paris, 1822, 1825, 1883; Johannes Jakob Ohm, Biblische Spruchconcordanz by Chr. Liebeyott Simon, Leipsic, 1812; Joh. Michael Otto, Biblisches Spruchregister, ed. J. G. Rubner,
Concordats and
Delimiting Bulls