RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Cowl Craig-
He was a son of Samuel Hanson Cox (q.v.) and himself added the " e " to his name. He was graduated at the University of the City of New York 1838, and at the General Theological Seminary, New York, 1841; became rector of St. Ann's, Morrisania, N. Y., 1841; of St. John's, Hartford, Conn., 1842; of Grace, Baltimore, 1854; of Calvary, New York, 1863; bishop of western New York 1865. In 1868 his diocese was divided and the new diocese of Central New York formed. He was provisional bishop of Haiti 1872-74. The Old Catholic movement, Pere Hyacinthe, and all that concerned Gallicanism and Anglo-Catholicism had his active sympathy. He helped to form the Anglo- Continental Society (1853) and gave it its name. In 1873 he collaborated with Bishop Wilberforce in issuing a serial in defense of Anglo-Catholicism against Romanism. In his pamphlet, An Apology for the English Bible (New York, 1857), he gave voice to the opposition against the attempt of the American Bible Society to introduce slight changes in the text and punctuation of the Scriptures, and the plan was abandoned (see Bible Societies, III., 1, §5). He also opposed the Revised Version of 1881- 1885, but advocated a revision of the prayer-book. His writings include several volumes of poems, of which Christian Ballads (Hartford, 1840; enlarged ed., New York, 1901) is best known. Several hymns in general use ("In the silent midnight watches"; "0 where are kings and empires now? " and others) are from his pen. Works upon theological topics were Absolution and Confession (New Haven, 1850); Sermons on Doctrine and Duty (Philadelphia, 1855); Thoughts on the Services (Baltimore, 1859; rev. ed., Philadelphia, 1900); The Criterion, defining his position concerning the Oxford movement (New York and Oxford, 1866); A Letter to Pius IX., relating to the call for the Vatican Council (New York, 1869); Moral Reforms (Buffalo, 1869); Lectures on Prophecy (1871); Apollos, or the Way of God (Buffalo, 1871); L'episcopat de I'occident, a defense of the Church of England (Paris, 1874); Covenant Prayers (1876); The Penitential (New York, 1882); Institutes of Christian History, Baldwin lectures before the University of Michigan, 1887 (Chicago, 1887); Holy Writ and Modern Thought, Bedell lectures at Kenyon College, 1891 (New York, 1892). He edited the American reprint of the Ante-Nicene Fathers (9 vols., New York, 1885-87).
Bibliography: W. S. Perry, The Episcopate in America, pp. 159-161, New York, 1895.
COYLE, ROBERT FRANCIS: Presbyterian; b. at Roseneath, Ont., July 28, 1850. He studied at Wabash College (B.A., 1877) and Auburn Theological Seminary (B.D., 1879), and held pastorates at Fort Dodge, la. (1879-85), Fullerton Avenue Church, Chicago (1885-91), and the First Presbyterian Church, Oakland, Cal. (1891-1900). Since 1900 he has been pastor of the Central Presbyterian Church, Denver, Col. He was moderator of the General Assembly at Los Angeles, Cal., in 1903, and has written Foundation Stones (Chicago, 1887); Workingmen and the Church (New York, 1896); and The Church and the Times (1905).
CRAFTS, WILBUR FISK: Presbyterian; b. at Fryeburg, Me., Jan. 12, 1850. He studied at Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn. (B.A., 1869), and Boston University School of Theology (B.D.| 1871), and held various Methodist pastorates from 1867 to 1879. In the latter year he entered the Congregational Church, and in 1883 he became a Presbyterian. His chief pastorates were those in Stoneham, Haverville, and New Bedford, Mass., Dover, N. H., Chicago, Brooklyn, and New York. He has been active in Sunday-school work since 1871, and has written on the Sunday-school lessons for the Sunday School Times, International Lesson Monthly, Pocket Lesson Notes, and the Christian Herald. In 1889 he founded the American Sabbath Union, and for six years lectured throughout the United States chiefly on Sabbath observance. In 1895 he founded the Reform Bureau, now called the International Reform Bureau, particularly for the promotion of social purity, the defense of the Sabbath, the suppression of the liquor traffic, and the protection of children and the less civilized races. As the superintendent of this bureau he has been active both as a lecturer and in the preparation of laws to further its aims. He was chief editor of the Christian Statesman 1901-03, and of the Twentieth Century Quarterly since 1896. He also edited departments in Our Day (1888-91), Ram's Horn (1896-98), and the Advance, and has written, among others, the following books, several in collaboration with his wife: Through the Eye to the Heart (New York, 1875); Talks to Boys and Girls About Jesus (1881); The Sabbath for Man (1884); Social Progress (Washington, 1896); Protection of Native Races Against Intoxicants and Opium (Chicago, 1900); and The March of Christ Down the Centuries (1902).
CRAIG, creg, JAMES ALEXANDER: Layman; b. at Fitzroy Harbour, Ont., Mar. 5, 1855. He studied at McGill University, Montreal (B.A., 1880), Yale Divinity School (B.D., 1883), and the University of Leipsic (Ph.D., 1886). He was instructor and adjunct professor of Biblical languages in Lane Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, 1886-90, professor of Old Testament literature and exegesis in Oberlin Theological Seminary 1891-93; and since 1893 has been professor of Semitic languages and literatures and Hellenistic Greek in the University of Michigan. He has edited The Semitic Series of Handbooks, and written The Monolith Inscription of Salmanesar II. (Leipsic, 1888); Hebrew Word Manual (Cincinnati, 1890); Assyrian and Babylonian Religious Texts (2 vols., Leipsic, 1895-97); and Astronomical-Astrological Texts (1899).
CRAIG, JOHN : The name of two Scotchmen.
1. Scotch Reformer; b. about 1512; d. in Edinburgh Dec. 12, 1600. He studied at St. Andrews, and became a Dominican monk; went to England in 1536, thence to Rome, and served his order on missions in Italy and to the island of Chios, and as teacher at Bologna. He^ was converted to Protestantism by reading the " Institutes " of Calvin, it is said, and was in prison at Rome, condemned to the stake, when the pope, Paul IV., died (1559) and the mob opened the
Craier Cranmor