RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Douai Dowden
for tame doves which stood in the garden of Herod's palace. In the account of the deluge the dove appears as a domesticated bird. The figurative language of Old Testament poetry often speaks of the dove, mentioning its simplicity (Hos. vii. 11), its swiftness (Ps. Iv. 6; Hos. xi. 11), and its plaintive cooing (Isa. xxxviii. 14, lix. 11; Ezek. vii. 16; Nahum ii. 7); in Canticles the dove is used as a type of the loved one (ii. 14, v. 3, vi. 9). The comparisons are easily understood, but it must not be forgotten that the dove was sacred to Astarte and was, therefore, anciently the object of great honor and care. The dove was frequently offered as a sacrifice; it was, indeed, the legal offering for purification (Lev. xii. 6 sqq., xv. 14-15; Num. vi. 10), and, among the poor, often took the place of a greater sacrifice (Lev. v. 7, xii. 8, xiv. 22 sqq.). For the symbolical use of the dove in Christian art see Symbolism.
I. Benzinger.
Bibliography: Lucian, Dea Syria, liv.; H. B. Tristram, Natural Hist, of the Bible, pp. 211-220, London, 1867; B. Lorentz, Die Taube im Alterthume, Leipsic, 1886; DB, i. 619-620; EB, i. 1129-30; JE, iv. 644-645; DCG, i. 492. On the dove as a symbol consult: DC A, i. 575- 576 and references there; New International Cyclopcedia, vi. 254-256.
DOW, LORENZO: Methodist; b. at Coventry, Conn., Oct. 16, 1777; d. at Georgetown, D. C, Feb. 2, 1834. He received only the most elementary education, but determined to become a Methodist preacher, and after being rejected by the Connecticut Conference in 1796 was finally appointed, three years later, to the Cambridge Circuit, N. Y. Within the year he was transferred to Pittsfield, Mass., and Essex, Vt., but had no official relations with his sect after 1799, although he continued to preach its characteristic tenets throughout his life. Believing that he had a special message for the Roman Catholics of Ireland, he visited Great Britain in 1799 and 1805, where the violence of his harangues exposed him to personal danger. During this time he introduced camp-meetings into England, thus beginning a controversy which resulted in the formation of the Primitive Methodists (see Methodists). In 1802 he preached in the Albany district, N. Y., and in 1803-04 delivered the first Protestant sermons in Alabama. In 1807 he was in Louisiana. The latter years of his life were devoted to fanatical attacks on the Jesuits. He was well known as " Crazy Dow," on account of his long hair and beard, peculiar clothing, and habit of swaying as he preached, but his addresses were characterized by a sarcasm, wit, and fearless courage which gained him throngs of hearers. Among his numerous writings, many of which were issued under the pseudonyms of " Cosmopolite " and " Lorenzo," mention may be made of his Polemical Works (New York, 1814); The Stranger in Charlestown, or the Trial and Confession of Lorenzo Dow (Philadelphia, 1822); A Short Account of a Long Travel, with Beauties of Wesley (1823); and the posthumous Journal and Miscellaneous Writings (ed. J. Dowling, New York, 1836) and History of a Cosmopolite, or the Writings of the Rev. Lorenzo Dow, containing his Experience and Travels in Europe ILL— 32
and America up to near his Fiftieth Year (Cincinnati, 1851).
Bibliography: The Dealings of God, Man, and the Devil as Exemplified m the Life, Experience, and Travels of L. Dow, together with his Writings complete, 2 vols Cincinnati, 1875. '
DOW, NEAL: Temperance worker; b. at Portland, Me., Mar. 20, 1804; d. there Oct. 2, 1897. He studied at the Friends' Academy, New Bedford, Mass., and engaged in mercantile and manufacturing pursuits. He early became an advocate of rigid restriction of the liquor traffic, and entered political life in 1839 as chief engineer of the Portland fire department. He was elected mayor of Portland in 1851 and 1854, and during his first term drafted a bill " for the suppression of drinking-houses and tippling-shops," which was presented to the legislature on the day before its adjournment and carried without change on the following day (May 31, 1851). This law is still in force in its original form. Dow was a member of the Maine legislature 1858-59, and in 1861 was commissioned colonel of the 13th Maine Volunteers and assigned to the department of the Gulf. A few months later he was commissioned brigadier-general and placed in command of the forts at the mouth of the Mississippi and subsequently of the district of Florida. He was severely wounded at the battle of Port Hudson in 1863, and was captured the same night and confined for eight months in Libby Prison and Mobile before being exchanged for Fitz Henry Lee. He visited England in 1857, 1866, and 1874 at the invitation of the Temperance Alliance of the United Kingdom, and devoted himself for the remainder of his life to the furtherance of the total abstinenoe movement, traveling extensively and contributing frequently to magazines and newspapers in support of his principles. He was the Prohibition candidate for President of the United States in 1880, but received only 10,305 votes. Four years later he was instrumental in adding an amendment to the Maine constitution forever prohibiting the manufacture, sale, or keeping for sale of intoxicating beverages, and directing the legislature to compel a rigid enforcement of the amendment.
Bibliography: Reminiscences of Neal Dow; Recollections of 80 Years, Portland, 1898.
DOWDEN, JOHN: Anglican bishop of Edinburgh; b. at Cork, Ireland, June 29, 1840. He studied at Queen's College, Cork, and Trinity College, Dublin (B.A., 1861), and was ordained priest in 1865. He was curate of St. John's, Sligo (1864- 1867), incumbent of Calry, Sligo (1867-71), chaplain to the lord lieutenant of Ireland (1870-74), and assistant at St. Stephen's Chapel of Ease, Dublin (1871-74). He was Pantonian professor of theology (1874-87) and canon of St. Mary's Cathedral, Edinburgh (1880-86), and in 1886 was consecrated bishop of Edinburgh. He was Donellan lecturer at Dublin in 1884, and select preacher at the same university in 1886, 1894, and 1895. He has written The Celtic Church in Scotland (London, 1894); Outlines of the History of the Theological Literature of the Church of England from the Reformation to the close of the Eighteenth Ccn-
Dowie Draconites