THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
tury (1897); Helps from History to the True Sense of the Minatory Clauses of the Athanasian Creed (1897); and The [Workmanship of the Prayer Book (1899); and has edited The Annotated Scottish Communion Office (London, 1884); The Correspondence of the Lauderdale Family with Archbishop Sharp, 1660-1677 (Edinburgh, 1893); and The Chartulary of the Abbey of Lindores (1903).
DOWIE, JOHN ALEXANDER: Founder of the Christian Cathohc Apostolic Church in Zion (q.v ); b. at Edinburgh, Scotland, May 25, 1847; d. at Zion City, 111., Mar, 9, 1907. He was educated in the schools of his native city, and from 1860 to 1868 was engaged in business in Adelaide, Australia. Returning to Scotland, he studied for two years at the University of Edinburgh, and in 1870 was ordained to the Congregational ministry in South Australia. He held successive charges at Alma and Sydney, but in 1878 retired from the Congregational body. Meanwhile he had become convinced that he possessed the gift of divine healing, and in 1882 removed to Melbourne, where he built a " tabernacle " and established the International Divine Healing Association. After working in Australia for six years, during which time he conducted a large number of missions, he went to the United States, where he labored for two years on the Pacific Coast. In 1890 he removed to Evanston, 111., and in 1893 transferred his headquarters to Chicago. In 1896 he established the Christian Catholic Church in Zion, of which he made himself " general overseer," repeatedly antagonizing various Protestant denominations, and in 1901 founded Zion City on the shores of Lake Michigan, 42 m. n. of Chicago, in which he sought to prove the practicability of his teachings. There he gained immense power and influence, announced himself as " Elijah the Restorer," became the idol of his followers, and in 1904 he appointed himself " first apostle." Outside Zion City, however, his success was less. An attempt to introduce his views in New York in 1904 ended in failure, and visits to London in 1903 and 1904 were equally unproductive. Beneath his apparent supremacy opposition began to develop, criticism being leveled particularly against his financial administration of Zion City. Charges were also made that he held views conducive to immorality, and during his absence, on account of ill health, in Mexico in 1905 he was deposed from his office at Zion City. He thereupon returned to Zion City and vigorously opposed his deposition, finally securing at least a partial vindication by a court order, which also made provision for his support.
Bibliography: R. Harlan, John Alexander Dovyie and the Chriatian Catholic Apostolic Church in Zion, Evansville, Wis., 1906.
DOWLING, JOHN: Baptist; b. in Pevensey (13 m. e.w. of Hastings), Sussex, England, May 12, 1807; d. in Middletown, N. Y., July 4, 1878. He taught school in England till 1832, when he came to America. For many years he was pastor in New York City, and he also preached in Providence, Philadelphia, and Newark. He be-
came widely known by his History of Romanism (New York, 1845, and later editions).
DOXOLOGY. See Liturgical Formulas.
D'OYLY, GEORGE: Church of England; b. at London Oct. 31, 1778; d. there Jan. 8, 1846. He studied at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge (B.A., 1800), and was elected fellow in 1801. He was ordered deacon in 1802 and ordained priest in the following year, and after being curate to his father for a few months became curate of Wrotham, Kent, in 1804. From 1806 to 1809 he was moderator in the University of Cambridge, and in 1811 was appointed Hulsean Christian advocate. In 1813 he became domestic chaplain to the archbishop of Canterbury, and in 1815 was presented to the vicarage of Hernhill, Kent. Before he could take up his residence there, however, he was made the successor of his father at Buxted, Sussex. From 1820 until his death he held the rectories of Lambeth, Surrey, and Sundridge, Kent. He was treasurer of the Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, a member of the London committee of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel, one of the main agents in the establishment of King's College, London, and select preacher at Cambridge in 1809, 1810, and 1811. He published Two Discourses preached before the University of Cambridge on the Doctrine of a Particular Providence and on Modern Utilitarianism (Cambridge, 1811); Letters to Sir W Drummond Relating to his Observations on Parts of the Old Testament in his " CEdipus Judaicus " (London, 1812); Remarks on Sir W Drummond's " CEdipus Judaicus " (1813); An Essay on the Doctrine of Assurance, as Maintained by Some Modern Sects of Christians (1814); Life of William Sancroft, Archbishop of Canterbury (2 vols., 1821); Sermons (1827); and the posthumous Sermons (edited, with a memoir, by his son, C. J. D'Oyly, 1847). He is best known, however, for the annotated Bible (3 vols., London, 1814) prepared in collaboration with Richard Mant (q.v.).
DRABIK, dra'bik, MIKULA§ (Nicolaus Drabicius): Moravian mystic and prophet; b at Strasnitz (13 m. s.s.w. of Hradisch) Dec. 5, 1588; d. at Presburg (34 m. e.s.e. of Vienna) July 17, 1671. He was educated in his native town, and in 1616 was ordained by the Bohemian Brethren and appointed pastor at Drahotusch. When the non- Catholics were exiled in 1627 he left Moravia with them and found a refuge in Lednitz. His addiction to liquor and his disobedience of the regulations of the Brethren resulted in his deposition from the clergy. Thereupon he devoted himself to the study of the prophets of the Old Testament and, in 1643, set himself up as a prophet. His revelations were based on dreams and on conversations with a divine voice, and are characterized by a bitter hatred of the house of Austria rather than by religious apocalyptics. In 1650 he received fresh inspiration when Comenius was sent by the Bohemian exiles in Poland to their Moravian brethren. The accession of Charles X. of Sweden again inspired Drabik with new hopes, and he went to Holland, where Comenius published his