THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
position as an opportunity for bringing to completion his contemplated polyglot Bible.
I'mler leave of absence he proceeded to Wittenberg and there remained to the end of his life, enjoying the revenues of his Prussian His Life at office until removed bj' the duke in Wittenberg. 1564. His Biblia Pentapla began to appear at Wittenberg in 1563, and by 1565 he had published Gen. i.-v., Psalms, Proverbs, Isaiah, Malachi, Joel, Zechariah, and Micah. The Hebrew text was presented in very large type, and beneath each word appeared the translation in Aramaic, Greek, Latin, and German, while passages which he regarded as Messianic were printed in red. The value of the work is small, however, because of the radical changes which he made in the text of his versions, and its completion was found impracticable.
(G. Kawer-^u.)
Bibliography: The older literature is indicated and worked over by J. Moller, Cimbria litterata, ii. 167-173, Copenhagen, 1744. Of great service is G. T. Strobel, Neue Beitrage zur Litteratiir. iv. 1, pp. 1-136, Nuremberg, 1793. .\ short biography by G. Kawerau is in Beitrage zur bayerUchen Kirchengeschichte, iii. 247 sqq., Erlangen, 1897. For his hfe in Erfurt consult: C. Krause, Melius Eobanus Hessus. vol. i., Gotha, 1879; in Miltenberg, O. Albrecht, Die evarmelische Gemeinde Miltenberg und ihr erster Prediger, Halle, 1S96; in Waltershausen, C. Polack, J. Drach, in Zeitschrift des Vereins filr thilringische Geschichte, vii {1S90 . 211 sqq.; in Marburg, K. W. H. Hochhuth, T. Thamer und Landgraf Philipp, in ZHT, 1861, pp. 165 sqq.; in Rostock, O. Krabbe, Die Universitat RiistQck, p. 501. Rostock, 1S54; for the later portion of his life, J. Voigt, Briefe der berilhmtesten Gelehrten mit Herzog Albrecht, pp. 216-234, Konigsberg, 1S41; for his work on the Bible, L. Diestel, Geschichte des A. T. in der christlichen Kirche, Jena, 186?.
DRACONTIUS, dra-cen'shi-us, BLOSSIUS JEWl- LIUS; Christian poet; b. in Africa; flourished in the latter half of the fifth century. His poem in honor of a foreign ruler (possibly the emperor of the East) aroused the anger of the Gothic king Gunthamund (484-496), who confiscated his property and imprisoned him. He vainly endeavored to regain the royal favor by his elegy Satisfactio ; his De laudibus Dei was also written in prison. The latter poem is devoted to the divine creation and preservation and redemption of the world, and to man's love for God. In his youth, or at least before his imprisonment, Dracontius wrote brief secular poems, epics based on Hellenic legends (Hylas, Medea, Raptus Helenee, and Orestis Tragcedia), two epithalamia, and rhetorical themes (Verba Hcrculis, Deliberativa AchiUis, and Controversia de statua viri jortis). The two Christian poems, which breathe a devotional spirit, evince linguistic and metrical skill, and show extensive knowledge of the Bible and of profane literature. Only the first part of the Laudes Dei, the Hexaemeron creationis mundi, was known to Isidore of
Seville {De vir. ill., xxiv.), and this portion was first edited (poorly) by Bishop Eugenius II. of Toledo. At the wish of the Visigothic king Chindaswinth (642-649), Eugenius also prepared a wi '^hed edition of the Satisfactio. The true Dracontius first became known through Arevalo.
K. LEIMBACHf. Bibliography: The best edition of the Carmina minora is by F. de Duhn, Leipsic, 1873; of the Carmina, including the Satisfaclw, by F. Arevalo, Rome, 1791. The Heiaemeron, ed. J. B. Carpzov, appeared Helmstadt, 1794; the Raptus Helence is in the Appendix ad opera edita, by A. Mai, Rome, 1871; the Orestes Tragcedia, ed. R. Peiper, Wratislav, 1875. Consult: C. Rossberg, In Dracontii carmina minora, Stade, 1878; idem, Materialien zu einem Commentar iiber die Orestis tragcedia, Hildesheim, 1888- 1889; W S. Teuffel, Geschichte der romischen Litteratur, ed. L. Schwabe, pp. 1220-24, Freiburg, 1886; J, B. Pitra, Analecia sacra el classica, i. 176-180, Paris, 1888; W. Jleyer, in Sitzungsberichte der Berliner Akademie, 1890, pp. 257-296; DCB, i. 905-907.
DRAENDORF, dren'derf, JOHANNES: German Reformer; b. at Schlieben (30 m. s.e. of Wittenberg) 1390; burned at the stake at Heidelberg Feb. 17, 1425. He was of noble descent, and was educated at Dresden by the magistri Peter and Frederick. He completed his studies at the universities of Prague and Leipsic, and in 1417 was ordained to the priesthood in Bohemia. He traversed middle and southern Germany as an itinerant preacher subsequent to 1421, and at Speyer collaborated with the school-director Peter Turnow of Tolkemit on a manifesto in which he vehemently assailed the abuse of excommunication and the temporal power of the clergy. In 1424, when the imperial city of Weinsberg was put under ban and interdict, Driindorf endeavored to incite the city and its allies to open rebellion against ecclesiastical control. The municipal council invited him to visit the city, but he was arrested by the elector palatine Louis III., and in Feb., 1425, was brought before the Inquisition at Heidelberg. He frankly acknowledged that he held to the Utraquistic doctrine of the communion indulgences, and that he was opposed to the taking of oaths, to the mass, the doctrine of the infallibility of the councils, the temporal jurisdiction and power of the clergy, papal primacy, the mendicant orders, excommunication, and the like. His religious system seems to have been the result of a combination of Waldensian, Wyclifite, and Taboristic elements.
Herman Haupt. Bibliography: J. E. Kapp, Kleine Nachlese zur Er-
lautcrung der Reformations-Geschichte niitzUcher Urkunden, iii. 1-60, Leipsic, 1730; Krummel, in TSK, xlii (1869), 130-144; H. Haupt, Hussitische Propaganda in Deutschland, in Historisches Taschenbuch. series 6, vii. 263-266; idem, Waldenserthum und Inquisition im Siidlistlichen Deutschland, pp. 68-71, Freiburg, 1890; idem, in Zeitschrift fur die Geschichte des Oberrheins, new series, XV. 479 sqq.