THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
In theology he is a firm Calvinist of the type of the Dutch Free University of Amsterdam. He has written Dc Zondagschool (Kampen, Holland, 1882); Dr. A. C. Van Raalte (1893); and Outlines of Ecclesiastical Historu (Holland, Mich., 1901).
DOUAI, du"e' : A town of France, department of Nord, 20 m. s. of Lille and 110 m. n.n.e. of Paris. In the sixteenth century it belonged U) Spain, and a university was founded there by Philip II. in 15(V2. In 1568 Cardinal William Allen (q.v.) opened in connection with the university a college or seminary for English Roman Catholics, which, during the first five years of its existence, sent more than one hundred missioners into England. In later years many of the Catholic gentry of England were educated there, and the college produced about one hundred doctors of divinity and 160 martyrs. In consequence of the political and religious disturbances in the Low Countries it was removed to Reims in 1578, but returned to Douai in 1593. The college was supported by private subscription at first, received a monthly pension of 100 gold crowns from Pope Gregory XIII. in 1575, and an annual appropriation of 2,000 ducats from Philip II. after its removal to Reims. Allen continued at its head till 1588, when he was succeeded by Richard Barrett. Douai became French territory in 1667, and both university and college were suppressed during the French Revolution (17'J3j.
Bibliography: The " Records of the English Catholics," edited by fathers of the Congregation of the London Oratory, vol. i., The First and Second Diaries of the English College, Douay, London, 1878; vol. ii.. Letters and Memorials of William Cardinal Allen, 1882; A. Bellesheim, Wilhelm Cardinal Allen und die englischen Seminare auf dem Festlande, Mainz, 1885; Ldon Legrand, L'Universitc de Douai, 1630-1790, Douai, 1888; G. Cardon, La Fondation de Vuniversilc de Douai, Paris, 1892. For the Douai Bible see Bible Versions, English.
DOUCHOBORS. See Dukhoboks.
DOUEN, EMMANUEL ORENTIN : French Protestant; b. at Templeux-le-Guerard (Somme) June 2, 1.S30; d. at Paris July 9, 1896. His parents in 1833 removed to Leme (Aisnc), and there his education was begun. Later he studied at Saint-Quentin, from 1846 to 1849 at Lille, and the next four years at the University of Strasburg, where he particularly distinguished himself in Hebrew. From is,'i3 to 1861 he was pastor of the Protestant church of Quincy-S^gy (S( ine-et-Carne). A disease of the larynx compelled him to give up preaching, and he accepted the position of agent of the Protestant Bible Society of Paris. He was a prolific author, but only the titles of those books which are likely to have interest for a later generation will here be given (for a full list down to 1882 see E^R, vol. xiii., p. 62); Clement Marot et le Psautier huguenot (2 vols., Paris, 1S78-79), a work pubhshed at the expense of the State; Les premiers Tpastcurs du Di'sert (2 vols., 1879), decreed a prize by the French Academy; ^tirnne Dolet (ISSl); La Revocation de I'cdlt de Nantes a Paris, d'aprhs des documents inedits (3 vols., 1S94).
DOUGLAS, GEORGE CUNINGHAM MON- TE ATH; United Free Church of Scotland; b. at
Kilbarchan (8 m. s. of Dumbarton), Renfrewshire, Mar. 2, 1826; d. at Bridge of Allan (2 m. n. of Stirling), Stirlingshire, May 24, 1904. He studied at Glasgow and New College, Edinburgh, and after being pastor at Bridge of Weir, Renfrewshire (1852-57), was professor of Hebrew and Old Testament exegesis at the Free Church College, Glasgow, until 1892. From 1875 until 1892 he was also principal of the same institution. He was one of the Old Testament revisers from 1870 to 1884. He translated J. C. F. Keil's Lehrbuch der historisch-kriiischen Einleitung in die Schriften des Alten Testaments (2 vols., Edinburgh, 1869-70), prepared the notes to Judges, Joshua, and the six intermediate minor prophets in Handbook for Bible Classes (3 vols., 1881-90), and wrote Why I still believe that Moses wrote Deuteronomy (Edinburgh, 1878); A Short Analysis of the Old Testament by Means of Headings to the Chapters (Paisley, 1889); Isaiah One and his Book One (London, 1895); and Samuel and His Age (1901).
DOUMERGUE, EMILE : French Reformed; b. at Nimes (30 m. n. of Montpellier) Nov. 25, 1844. After the completion of his education he was editor
of Le Christianisme au dix-neuvieme siecle (1872- 1880), and was also assistant pastor of the Reformed church at Paris and chaplain of the municipal high schools in the same city (1878-80). Since the latter year he has been professor of church history at Montauban. He has written L' Unite de I'Eglise Reformee de France (Paris, 1875): La Veille de la hi de Van X {1763-1802) (Paris, 1879); La Creation et I' evolution (1883); Essai sur I'histoire du culte reforme, principalement au seizieme et au dixneuvieme siecle (1890) ; L'Autorite en matiere de foi et la nouvelle ecole (Lausanne, 1892); Le Reveil national (Montauban, 1894); Jean Calvin : Les Hommes et les choses de son temps (Lausanne, vol. i., 1899, vol. ii., 1902, vol. iii., 1905— more to follow, a monumental work, intended to be exhaustive); Une Poignee de faux : La Mart de Calvin et les Jesuites (1900); and Lausanne au temps de la Reformation (1903).
DOVES: Many species of wild doves are found in Palestine. The rock-dove {columba livia and columba Schimperi) builds its nest in the clefts of the rocks and cliffs (Jer. xlviii. 28; Ezek. vii. 16; Cant. ii. 14). In wooded regions dwell ring-doves (columba palumbus), which build their nests in the trees; many of them winter in Palestine and fly north in the spring. The stock-dove, or wood-pigeon, is rarer. Of turtle-doves the most common is the ordinary turtle-dove {turtur auritus), a migratory bird (Jer. viii. 7), which appears in April in great numbers (Cant. ii. 11 sqq.). More rare is the laughing-dove {turtur risorius), which frequents the neighborhood of the Dead Sea; and the smaller turtur xcnegtdcnsis, which prefers to build in the palm-trees. By the ancient Israelites (Lev. v. 7) and also by the pre-Israelitic inhabitants of Palestine not only the common house-dove, but also more choice varieties were domesticated (cf. Ps. Ixviii. 13, the description of a rarer variety) Dove-cotes are mentioned Isa. Ix. 8, and Josephus {War, V. iv. 4) speaks of a number of small towers