THE NEW SCHAFF-HERZOG
became president of Avery College, but soon resigned this position and returned to Shiloh Church. He was appointed minister and consul-general to Liberia in June, 1881.
GARNIER, gaV'nye', JEAN: French Jesuit; b. at Paris Nov 11, 1612; d. at Bologna Oct. 26, 1681. He joined the order of the Jesuits at the age of sixteen, and soon demonstrated his theological talent and lus aptness for study and teaching. For forty years he held professorships of ancient languages, rhetoric, theology, and philosophy, and published numerous works, the value of which could not be denied even by enemies of the order. Of lasting importance are his Pelagian studies, comprising a work on the Pelagian Bishop Julian of Eclanum {Juliani Eclanensis episcopi libellus fidei primum editus cum notis et dissertationibus tribus, Paris, 164S), as well as his edition of the writings of Marius Mercator (1673) with a commentary and treatises on Peiagianism. Such was the excellence of this latter work that when Cardinal Noris saw it, he declared that his own book on the history of the Pelagian heresy would have remained unwritten if he had seen the Marius Mercator at an earlier date. In 1675 Gamier edited the Breviarium causa Nestorianorum et Eutychianorum of the Carthage archdeacon Liberatus, appending learned notes and excursus of his own. He also discussed other problems of church history in the three dissertations which he appended to his Liber diurnus Romanorum pontiflcum (1680). After the death of Gamier his supplement to the works of Theodoret was edited by Hardouin, a brother of the same order, with a preface containing a biography of the author (Paris, 1684). His earliest works, Organi philosophic rudimenta (Paris, 1651) and Regula fidei catholica de gratia Dei per Jesum Christum (Bourges, 1655), are less noteworthy. He wrote also Tractatus de officiis confessoris erga singula pomitentium genera (Paris, 1689), and Systema bibliotheca collegii Parisiensis S. J. (1678).
Bibliography: H. Hurter, Nomenclator literarius, ii. 484, 831, Innsbruck, 1893; De Backer, Bibliotheque de la compagnie de Jesus, ed. C. Sommervogel, iii. 1228 sqq., Paris, 1892; KL, v. 104-105.
GARNIER, JULIEN: French Benedictine of the Congregation of St. Maur; b. at Connerre (16 m. e. of Le Mans) c. 1670; d. at Charenton (5 m. s.e. of Paris) June 3, 1725. In 1699 he joined the Maurist order, and became the collaborator of the famous Dom Mabillon. His thorough knowledge of the Greek language and literature led his order to entrust him with the preparation of a new edition of the works of Basil, and after 1701 he devoted all his time and energy to this tremendous undertaking. The first volume appeared after twenty years of uninterrupted toil (Paris, 1721), and in the following year he published the second. His labors had worn him out, however, and he died before the publication of the third volume, which was prepared by Dom Prudent Maran (1730).
Bibliography: H. Hurter, Nomenclator literarius, ii. 1106, Innsbruck, 1893.
GARRETT, ALEXANDER CHARLES: Protestant Episcopal bishop of Dallas, Tex.; b. at Bally-
mote (13 m. s.w. of Sligo), County Sligo, Ireland, Nov. 4, 1832. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin (B.A., 1855), was ordered deacon (1856) and ordained priest (1857). After being curate of East Worldham, Hampshire (1856-59), he was a missionary in British Columbia for ten years, being evening lecturer at the cathedral in Victoria, missionary to the Indians, naval chaplain at Esquimalt, rector of St. Paul's, Nanaims, and missionary to the miners at Cariboo. He was rector of St. James', San Francisco (1870-72), and dean of Trinity Cathedral, Omaha, Neb. (1872-74). In 1874 he was consecrated missionary bishop of Northern Texas, and on the creation of the diocese of Dallas in 1895 became bishop of that see. He was the founder of St. Mary's Institute for girls at Dallas, and also secured the erection of St. Matthew's Cathedral in the same city. He has written Historical Continuity (New York, 1875) and The Philosophy of the Incarnation (Baldwin lectures; 1891).
Bibliography: W. S. Perry, The Episcopate in America, p. 229, New York, 1895.
GARRIGAN, PHILIP JOSEPH: Roman Catholic bishop of Sioux City, la.; b. at Cavan (26 m. s.s.e. of Enniskillen), County Cavan, Ireland, Sept. 8, 1840. He was educated at St. Charles' College, Ellicott City, Md. (1862-66), and St. Joseph's Provincial Seminary, Troy, N. Y., from which he was graduated in 1870. After being curate of St. John's, Worcester, Mass. 1870-73, he was vicepresident of St. Joseph's Provincial Seminary 1873— 1875, and rector of St. Bernard's Church, Fitchburg, Mass., 1875-88. He was then vice-rector of the Catholic University of America, Washington, 1888-1902, and in 1902 was consecrated bishop of the newly created diocese of Sioux City.
GARRUCCI, gor-ru'chi, RAFFAELE : Italian
Jesuit and archeologist; b. at Naples Jan. 23, 1812; d. at Rome May 5, 1885. He entered the Society of Jesus at the age of fourteen, and after 1845 published numerous monographs and books on Christian archeology, including numismatics, epigraphy, painting, sculpture, and the art of the catacombs in all its ramifications. His principal works are : Antichita dei Bebiani (Naples, 1845); LaStoria di Isermia (1848); Tre sepolchri del cimiterio di Pretestato in Roma (1852); Questioni pompejani (1853); Inscriptions gravees sur les murs de Pompei (Brussels, 1854); II Crocifisso graffito in casa dei Cesari (Rome, 1857); Vetri ornati di figure in oro trovati nei cimiteri dei Cristiani primitivi (1858); Monumenti del Museo Lateranense (2 vols., 1862); Cimiterio degli antichi Ebrei scoperto in vigna Randanini (1862); Storia delV arte cristiana nei primi otto secoli della chiesa (6 vols., Prato, 1872-81); and Le Monete dell' Italia antica (Rome, 1885). He also prepared the first edition of the Hagioglypta sive pictura et sculptural sacrce antiqwores prassertim qua Roma reperiuntur, which had been written by Jean l'Heureux (Macarius) as early as 1605 (Paris, 1856).
Bibliography: De Backer, Bibliotheque de la compagnie de Jesus, ed. C. Sommervogel, vol. iii., Paris, 1892; Stimmen aus Maria-Laach, x. 158-180; KL, v. 105-108.