RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Gottschalk Gouge
called in the same capacity to Tubingen, where he remained until his death. In theology he was an adherent of the school of Ritschl. He wrote, besides many minor contributions, Die Kirchlichkeit der sogenannten Mrchlichen Theologie (Freiburg, 1890); and Abschiedspredigten (Tubingen, 1901).
GOUCHER, gau'cher, JOHN FRANKLIN: Methodist Episcopalian; b. at Waynesboro, Pa., June 7, 1845. He was educated at Dickinson College (B.A., 1868) and entered the ministiy of his denomination in 1869, holding successive pastorates in the Baltimore circuit (1869-72), Catonsville, Md. (1872- 1875), Huntingdon Ave., Baltimore (1875-78), Harlem Park, Baltimore (1S78-81), Strawbridge, Baltimore (1881-82), and City Station, Baltimore (1882-90). Since 1890 he has been president of The Woman's College, Baltimore, Md. He projected the Princess Anne Training School and the Anglo-Japanese College, Tokyo, and founded the West China Mission and the Korean Mission of the Methodist Episcopal Church. At the appointment of the Board of Missions of his denomination, he inspected the Methodist Episcopal missions in Italy (1886), Mexico (1892), and India (1897-98), and took an active part in founding and supporting primary and secondary vernacular schools in the latter country. He was a delegate to several generalconferences of his church, and is president of the American Methodist Historical Society.
GOUDIMEL, gu"di"mel', CLAUDE: Church musician; b. at Besancon or Vaison near Avignon, c. 1505; killed at Lyons, in the massacre of St. Bartholomew, Aug. 24, 1572. He was attracted to Rome, which at that time was the center of musical life, and in 1534 was a singer in the papal chapel. In 1540 he founded a school for music. His music formed an essential factor in the development of the classical style of Roman Catholic church music. For unknown reasons Goudimel went to Paris before 1549. It is uncertain at what time he embraced Protestantism, but he must have been a member of the Reformed Church when his first compilation of the complete Psalter appeared in 1564. By his majestically clear harmonization of the melodies to the translations of the Psalms by Marot and Beza, Goudimel has largely influenced Protestant church music, where they were only in part replaced, even in the Reformed churches of Germany and German Switzerland, by the tunes of the Basel cantor, Samuel Marschall. (E. F. Karl Muller.)
Bibliography: E. and ]£. Haag, La France protestante, v. 308 sqq., Paris, 1855; G. Becker, in Bulletin historique de la societe de I'histoire du protestantisme francais, 1885, pp. 337 sqq.; O. Douen, Clement Marot at le psautier huguenot, 2 vols., Paris, 1878-79; P. Wolfrum, Die Enlstehung des deutschen evangelischen Kirchenliedes,
pp. 123 sqq., Leipsic, 1890; H. A. Kostlin, Geschichte der MusiJc, pp. 145-146, 155, Berlin, 1899; Lichtenberger, ESR, v. 636-638.
GOUGE, gauge, THOMAS: English non-conformist divine and philanthropist; b. in London Sept. 29, 1609; d. there Oct. 29, 1681. He studied at Eton and at King's College, Cambridge, where he became fellow in 1828; took orders, and accepted the appointment to Coulsdon, Surrey, 1635; became
vicar of St. Sepulcher's, London, 1638, where he distinguished himself by his catechetical instruction, and also by a system of relief of the poor by providing work instead of giving alms. By the Uniformity Act of 1662 (see Uniformity, Acts of) he was compelled to leave his living, and his charitable endeavors were directed to the relief of the necessities of ejected London clergymen, giving largely of his own means to this and other charities and reserving a mere pittance for his own support. In 1672 he engaged in the work of education and evangelization in Wales, including the translation, publishing, and distribution of the Bible, catechism, and other religious works. His own writings, several of which were translated into Welsh, include: The Christian Householder (London, 1663); Christian Directions (1664); The Principles of Christian Religion Explained (1675); and The Surest and Safest Way of Thriving (1676); and many tracts which continued to be reproduced past the middle of the nineteenth century. His Works were collected with an Account of His Life by Archbishop J. Tillotson (1706).
Bibliography: Besides the Life by J. Tillotson, ut sup., consult: Samuel Clarke, Lives of Sundry Eminent Persons, i. 202-203, London, 1683; T. Rees.Hist. of Pretestant Nonconformity in Wales, pp. 196-197, 203-204, ib., 1883; DNB, xxii. 269-271.
GOUGE, WILLIAM : Puritan and Presbyterian; b. at Stratford Bow (4 m. e.n.e. of London) Nov. 1, 1575 (so his son states, but others say Dec. 25, 1578); d. in London Dec. 12, 1653. He was educated in St. Paul's School, London, and at Eton, and entered King's College, Cambridge, in 1595, where he became fellow in three years, and subsequently lectured on logic and philosophy and taught Hebrew, which he had learned from a Jew. During his nine years at Cambridge he was so strict and careful in all his life and studies as to earn the title " an arch-Puritan." Reluctantly he withdrew from his studies to enter upon the active work of the ministry. He was ordained in June, 1608, in the parish of Blackfriars, where he remained until his death, accounted " the father of the London divines, and the oracle of his time." In his early ministry he was brought into trouble with the government by his publication of Sir Henry Finch on The World's Great Restauration, or Calling of the Jews, and with them of All Nations and Kingdoms of the Earth to the Faith of Christ (1621), and was thrown into prison because Finch's speculation that the Jews would soon set up a world-wide empire was considered treasonable by King James. After nine weeks he was released, having given a statement of his own opinions, which were entirely orthodox. Several volumes of his sermons were issued: The Whole Armour of God (1616); Domestic Duties (1622, 3d ed., 1634); Guide to Go to God (1626); God's Three Arrows: Plague, Famine and Sword (1631); The Saint's Sacrifice (1632) and others. He was also distinguished for his method of catechizing, which was first published without his knowledge, but afterward revised and edited by himself in many editions; the eighth (1637) containing a larger and lesser catechism, with prayers. In 1643 he was made a member of the Westminster
Gough Governor