RELIGIOUS ENCYCLOPEDIA
Greece Green
the number was 198, including nine nunneries; though, all told, they sheltered only some 1,500 monks and nuns. The number of pastoral cures was 4,025, with 5,670 clergy, only 242 of whom were unmarried. Most of them were without higher scholastic education, the number with only common-school training being 4,116. The clerical stipends are meager, usually being derived solely from voluntary gifts and surplice-fees. Besides three so-called clerical schools (at Tripolis, Chalcis, and Syra), which have scant attendance, there is a theological seminary at Athens.
Of other Christian confessions, only the Roman Catholic Church has an appreciable following, with a membership of about 22,000. The hierarchical establishment indicates a propagandist attitude of this Church in Greece, there being (since 1875) three provinces, Athens, Corfu, and Naxos. The latter comprises five suffragan sees, Andros, Syra, Tino, Santorin, and Milo. The archbishop of Corfu has also jurisdiction over the dioceses of Zante and Cephalonia; these two sees have but little over 7,000 adherents, a number surpassed by the single diocese of Syra. The number of secular and cloistered clergy is considerable; six male and seven female orders or congregations, mainly from France, are active in the country.
The number and significance of the Protestants is slight, there being only four small congregations, three in the capital and one at Piraeus. The socalled court congregation includes Protestant Germans, Swiss, and French; it is in charge of the clergyman whom the Protestant king (a prince of Denmark) maintains as preacher. The Anglican congregation numbers about 120. It is difficult to estimate the number of Greek Protestants, since not a few of them do not formally separate from the old Orthodox congregations. The congregation at Piraeus has grown slowly. A popular tumult, incited by attempts at proselyting, led to the destruction of its house of worship in 1888. Occasional Protestant services are held in other places, e.g., in Patras and Volo. There are some 6,000 Jews, more than half of whom belong to the Sephardim; and, notwithstanding copious emigration, there are still about 24,000 Mohammedans, mostly in Thessaly.
Popular education has been considerably promoted by compulsory schooling from the age of six to thirteen, though in many districts attendance is not enforced. There are 3,263 common schools, 285 public high schools, 39 state gymnasia, ten normal schools for men and three for women, and a number of private and technical schools. The University of Athens is a collective center for modern Greek scholarship and culture, with some 2,600 students from all parts of the Levant. It embraces faculties of law, medicine, philosophy, science, and theology.
WlLHBLM GOETZ.
Bibliography: On I. the three books indispensable are: G. Finlay, Hist, of Greece, vol. i., London, 1877; G. Hertzberg, Die Geschichte Griechenlands unter der Herrschaft der Romer, vols, i.-ii., Halle, 1866; T. Mommsen, Rbmische Geschichte, ii. 42-50, v. 230-294, Berlin, 1903-04. Consult also: W M. Ramsay, Historical Geography of Asia Minor, London, 1890; idem, The Church in the Roman Empire, New York, 1893; idem, St. Paul the Traveller, ib. 1896; and literature under Luke; Paul; and works
on the Church history of the Apostolic Age; also DB, ii. 260-263; KL, v. 1200-27.
On II.: Finlay, ut sup., vols., vi.-vii.; T. G. Clark, Christianity East and West, London, 1889; R. Curzon, Visits to the Monasteries of the Levant, ib. 1897; R. B. C. Sheridan, The Greek Catholic Church, Oxford, 1901; C. Berth, Die orientalische Christenheit der Mittelmeerlander, Berlin, 1902; I. Silbernagl, Verfassung und gegenwartiger Bestand samtlicher Kirchen des Orients, Regensburg, 1904.
GREEK CHURCH. See Eastern Church.
GREEN, ASHBEL: American Presbyterian, president of Princeton College; b. at Hanover, Morris County, N. J., July 6, 1762; d. in Philadelphia May 19, 1848. He served as a sergeant in the Revolutionary War till the spring of 1782, when he entered Princeton (B.A., 1783). He was a tutor at Princeton (1783-85), professor of mathematics and natural philosophy (1785-87), pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia (1787-1812), chaplain to Congress (1792-1800), and president of Princeton College (1812-22). He was one of the founders of the Princeton Theological Seminary and president of its board of directors 1812-48. On resigning the presidency of Princeton in 1822 he returned to Philadelphia and edited the Christian Advocate 1822-34, and also The Assembly's Magazine during a part of this time. He was moderator of the General Assembly in 1824, and a member of that body in 1837, 1838, and 1839. He wielded great influence in the Presbyterian Church, took a strong stand in favor of the Old School party, and was largely instrumental in bringing about the disruption of 1837. His principal works are: Sermons on the Assembly's Catechism (1818); History of Presbyterian Missions (1820); and Discourses Delivered in the College of New Jersey, Including a Historical Sketch of the College (1822).
Bibliography: A volume of Memoirs, begun by himself, was completed by J. H. Jones, New York, 1849. Consult W. B. Sprague, Annals of the American Pulpit, iii. 479-496, New York, 1858; R. E. Thompson, in American Church History Series, vol. vi., passim, ib. 1895.
GREEN, EDMUND TYRRELL: Church of England; b. at Westminster Mar. 19, 1864. He was educated at St. John's College, Oxford (B.A., 1886). From 1887 to 1890 he was curate of St. Barnabas, Oxford, and was then appointed lecturer in Hebrew and theology in St. David's College, Lampeter, Wales. Six years later he became professor of the same subjects, a position which he still retains, in addition to being lecturer in parochalia since 1896. He was lecturer in architecture in 1902. Besides his professorial duties, he has held many parochial missions and in 1904 delivered a course of apologetic lectures at Southampton. In theology he belongs to the Anglc-Catholic school of the Church of England. He has written Notes on the Teaching of St. Paul (London, 1893); The Thirty-Nine Articles and the Age of the Reformation (1896); The Sinner's Restoration (1899); The Church of Christ (1902); and How to Preach (1905). He has also edited Jeremiah and Lamentations in The Temple Bible (London, 1902).
GREEN, JOSEPH HENRY: English surgeon and student of philosophy; b. in London Nov.l, 1791; d. at The Mount, Hadley, near Barnet (11 m.
Green Greenup